Dancing on the platform: Lability of floral organs of Beilschmiedia appendiculata (Lauraceae)
Abstract Floral characters are important for the systematics of the Lauraceae. However, structure and development of the flowers remain poorly known in the family. In this study, we observed the variation and early development of flowers of Beilschmiedia appendiculata, which belongs to the Cryptocar...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8445 |
| _version_ | 1819175694623571968 |
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| author | Gang Zeng Bing Liu David K. Ferguson Yong Yang |
| author_facet | Gang Zeng Bing Liu David K. Ferguson Yong Yang |
| author_sort | Gang Zeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Floral characters are important for the systematics of the Lauraceae. However, structure and development of the flowers remain poorly known in the family. In this study, we observed the variation and early development of flowers of Beilschmiedia appendiculata, which belongs to the Cryptocarya clade of the family. The results indicate that the shoot apical meristems (SAMs) of the floral buds are enlarged and become a platform for the programmed initiation of the floral organs; floral organs develop basically in an acropetal pattern; phyllotaxis is whorled, initiation of floral primordia within a whorl is asynchronous; floral merosity is extremely variable, for example, dimerous, trimerous, tetramerous, dimerous plus trimerous, and trimerous plus tetramerous. In addition, this species has lost the innermost staminal whorl and glands are not closely associated with stamens of the third staminal whorl, which is unusual in the family Lauraceae. Our new observations broaden our knowledge of the variation of floral structure in Beilschmiedia and pose a fundamental question regarding the ecology underlying the lability of floral organs in B. appendiculata. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T20:58:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-813d55d8ef5848af83e1c89bd7417a8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T20:58:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-813d55d8ef5848af83e1c89bd7417a8c2022-12-21T18:12:53ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582021-12-011124176151762410.1002/ece3.8445Dancing on the platform: Lability of floral organs of Beilschmiedia appendiculata (Lauraceae)Gang Zeng0Bing Liu1David K. Ferguson2Yong Yang3College of Biology and Environment Nanjing Forestry University 159 Longpan Road NanjingChinaState Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChinaDepartment of Paleontology University of Vienna ViennaAustriaCollege of Biology and Environment Nanjing Forestry University 159 Longpan Road NanjingChinaAbstract Floral characters are important for the systematics of the Lauraceae. However, structure and development of the flowers remain poorly known in the family. In this study, we observed the variation and early development of flowers of Beilschmiedia appendiculata, which belongs to the Cryptocarya clade of the family. The results indicate that the shoot apical meristems (SAMs) of the floral buds are enlarged and become a platform for the programmed initiation of the floral organs; floral organs develop basically in an acropetal pattern; phyllotaxis is whorled, initiation of floral primordia within a whorl is asynchronous; floral merosity is extremely variable, for example, dimerous, trimerous, tetramerous, dimerous plus trimerous, and trimerous plus tetramerous. In addition, this species has lost the innermost staminal whorl and glands are not closely associated with stamens of the third staminal whorl, which is unusual in the family Lauraceae. Our new observations broaden our knowledge of the variation of floral structure in Beilschmiedia and pose a fundamental question regarding the ecology underlying the lability of floral organs in B. appendiculata.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8445BeilschmiediaevolutionflowerLauraceaeontogenyphyllotaxis |
| spellingShingle | Gang Zeng Bing Liu David K. Ferguson Yong Yang Dancing on the platform: Lability of floral organs of Beilschmiedia appendiculata (Lauraceae) Ecology and Evolution Beilschmiedia evolution flower Lauraceae ontogeny phyllotaxis |
| title | Dancing on the platform: Lability of floral organs of Beilschmiedia appendiculata (Lauraceae) |
| title_full | Dancing on the platform: Lability of floral organs of Beilschmiedia appendiculata (Lauraceae) |
| title_fullStr | Dancing on the platform: Lability of floral organs of Beilschmiedia appendiculata (Lauraceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dancing on the platform: Lability of floral organs of Beilschmiedia appendiculata (Lauraceae) |
| title_short | Dancing on the platform: Lability of floral organs of Beilschmiedia appendiculata (Lauraceae) |
| title_sort | dancing on the platform lability of floral organs of beilschmiedia appendiculata lauraceae |
| topic | Beilschmiedia evolution flower Lauraceae ontogeny phyllotaxis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8445 |
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