Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals.
BACKGROUND:In the Sudan, Schistosoma mansoni infections are a major cause of morbidity in school-aged children and infection rates are associated with available clean water sources. During infection, immune responses pass through a Th1 followed by Th2 and Treg phases and patterns can relate to diffe...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2016-05-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4859533?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818526662759809024 |
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| author | Tayseer Elamin Mohamed Elfaki Kathrin Arndts Anna Wiszniewsky Manuel Ritter Ibtisam A Goreish Misk El Yemen A Atti El Mekki Sandra Arriens Kenneth Pfarr Rolf Fimmers Mike Doenhoff Achim Hoerauf Laura E Layland |
| author_facet | Tayseer Elamin Mohamed Elfaki Kathrin Arndts Anna Wiszniewsky Manuel Ritter Ibtisam A Goreish Misk El Yemen A Atti El Mekki Sandra Arriens Kenneth Pfarr Rolf Fimmers Mike Doenhoff Achim Hoerauf Laura E Layland |
| author_sort | Tayseer Elamin Mohamed Elfaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND:In the Sudan, Schistosoma mansoni infections are a major cause of morbidity in school-aged children and infection rates are associated with available clean water sources. During infection, immune responses pass through a Th1 followed by Th2 and Treg phases and patterns can relate to different stages of infection or immunity. METHODOLOGY:This retrospective study evaluated immunoepidemiological aspects in 234 individuals (range 4-85 years old) from Kassala and Khartoum states in 2011. Systemic immune profiles (cytokines and immunoglobulins) and epidemiological parameters were surveyed in n = 110 persons presenting patent S. mansoni infections (egg+), n = 63 individuals positive for S. mansoni via PCR in sera but egg negative (SmPCR+) and n = 61 people who were infection-free (Sm uninf). Immunoepidemiological findings were further investigated using two binary multivariable regression analysis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Nearly all egg+ individuals had no access to latrines and over 90% obtained water via the canal stemming from the Atbara River. With regards to age, infection and an egg+ status was linked to young and adolescent groups. In terms of immunology, S. mansoni infection per se was strongly associated with increased SEA-specific IgG4 but not IgE levels. IL-6, IL-13 and IL-10 were significantly elevated in patently-infected individuals and positively correlated with egg load. In contrast, IL-2 and IL-1β were significantly lower in SmPCR+ individuals when compared to Sm uninf and egg+ groups which was further confirmed during multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Schistosomiasis remains an important public health problem in the Sudan with a high number of patent individuals. In addition, SmPCR diagnostics revealed another cohort of infected individuals with a unique immunological profile and provides an avenue for future studies on non-patent infection states. Future studies should investigate the downstream signalling pathways/mechanisms of IL-2 and IL-1β as potential diagnostic markers in order to distinguish patent from non-patent individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:26:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-814b43ba1681432790f344fec0a5689c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:26:01Z |
| publishDate | 2016-05-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-814b43ba1681432790f344fec0a5689c2022-12-22T01:17:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352016-05-01105e000462910.1371/journal.pntd.0004629Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals.Tayseer Elamin Mohamed ElfakiKathrin ArndtsAnna WiszniewskyManuel RitterIbtisam A GoreishMisk El Yemen A Atti El MekkiSandra ArriensKenneth PfarrRolf FimmersMike DoenhoffAchim HoeraufLaura E LaylandBACKGROUND:In the Sudan, Schistosoma mansoni infections are a major cause of morbidity in school-aged children and infection rates are associated with available clean water sources. During infection, immune responses pass through a Th1 followed by Th2 and Treg phases and patterns can relate to different stages of infection or immunity. METHODOLOGY:This retrospective study evaluated immunoepidemiological aspects in 234 individuals (range 4-85 years old) from Kassala and Khartoum states in 2011. Systemic immune profiles (cytokines and immunoglobulins) and epidemiological parameters were surveyed in n = 110 persons presenting patent S. mansoni infections (egg+), n = 63 individuals positive for S. mansoni via PCR in sera but egg negative (SmPCR+) and n = 61 people who were infection-free (Sm uninf). Immunoepidemiological findings were further investigated using two binary multivariable regression analysis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Nearly all egg+ individuals had no access to latrines and over 90% obtained water via the canal stemming from the Atbara River. With regards to age, infection and an egg+ status was linked to young and adolescent groups. In terms of immunology, S. mansoni infection per se was strongly associated with increased SEA-specific IgG4 but not IgE levels. IL-6, IL-13 and IL-10 were significantly elevated in patently-infected individuals and positively correlated with egg load. In contrast, IL-2 and IL-1β were significantly lower in SmPCR+ individuals when compared to Sm uninf and egg+ groups which was further confirmed during multivariate regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Schistosomiasis remains an important public health problem in the Sudan with a high number of patent individuals. In addition, SmPCR diagnostics revealed another cohort of infected individuals with a unique immunological profile and provides an avenue for future studies on non-patent infection states. Future studies should investigate the downstream signalling pathways/mechanisms of IL-2 and IL-1β as potential diagnostic markers in order to distinguish patent from non-patent individuals.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4859533?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Tayseer Elamin Mohamed Elfaki Kathrin Arndts Anna Wiszniewsky Manuel Ritter Ibtisam A Goreish Misk El Yemen A Atti El Mekki Sandra Arriens Kenneth Pfarr Rolf Fimmers Mike Doenhoff Achim Hoerauf Laura E Layland Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals. |
| title_full | Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals. |
| title_fullStr | Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals. |
| title_short | Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals. |
| title_sort | multivariable regression analysis in schistosoma mansoni infected individuals in the sudan reveals unique immunoepidemiological profiles in uninfected egg and non egg infected individuals |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4859533?pdf=render |
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