The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries
Abstract We identify 21 predetermined country-level factors that explain marked variations in weekly COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across 91 countries between January and the end of 2020. Besides factors commonly associated with infectious diseases (e.g., population and tourism activities), we di...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09783-9 |
| _version_ | 1819011666546786304 |
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| author | Dianna Chang Xin Chang Yu He Kelvin Jui Keng Tan |
| author_facet | Dianna Chang Xin Chang Yu He Kelvin Jui Keng Tan |
| author_sort | Dianna Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We identify 21 predetermined country-level factors that explain marked variations in weekly COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across 91 countries between January and the end of 2020. Besides factors commonly associated with infectious diseases (e.g., population and tourism activities), we discover a list of country characteristics that shape COVID-19 outcomes. Among demographic–geographic factors, the male-to-female ratio, population density, and urbanization aggravate the severity of COVID-19, while education, temperature, and religious diversity mitigate the impact of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality. For the political-legal dimension, democracy and political corruption are aggravating factors. In contrast, female leadership, the strength of legal systems, and public trust in government significantly reduce infections and deaths. In terms of socio-economic aspects, GDP per capita, income inequality, and happiness (i.e., life satisfaction) lead to worse COVID-19 outcomes. Interestingly, technology advancement increases morbidity but reduces mortality. For healthcare factors, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) experience and healthcare infrastructure help countries perform better in combating the pandemic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T01:31:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-815194a06de64ae7a050719c1b336fcf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T01:31:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-815194a06de64ae7a050719c1b336fcf2022-12-21T19:20:22ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-04-0112111710.1038/s41598-022-09783-9The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countriesDianna Chang0Xin Chang1Yu He2Kelvin Jui Keng Tan3Singapore University of Social SciencesNanyang Technological UniversityCentral University of Finance and EconomicsThe University of QueenslandAbstract We identify 21 predetermined country-level factors that explain marked variations in weekly COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across 91 countries between January and the end of 2020. Besides factors commonly associated with infectious diseases (e.g., population and tourism activities), we discover a list of country characteristics that shape COVID-19 outcomes. Among demographic–geographic factors, the male-to-female ratio, population density, and urbanization aggravate the severity of COVID-19, while education, temperature, and religious diversity mitigate the impact of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality. For the political-legal dimension, democracy and political corruption are aggravating factors. In contrast, female leadership, the strength of legal systems, and public trust in government significantly reduce infections and deaths. In terms of socio-economic aspects, GDP per capita, income inequality, and happiness (i.e., life satisfaction) lead to worse COVID-19 outcomes. Interestingly, technology advancement increases morbidity but reduces mortality. For healthcare factors, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) experience and healthcare infrastructure help countries perform better in combating the pandemic.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09783-9 |
| spellingShingle | Dianna Chang Xin Chang Yu He Kelvin Jui Keng Tan The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries Scientific Reports |
| title | The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries |
| title_full | The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries |
| title_fullStr | The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries |
| title_short | The determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality across countries |
| title_sort | determinants of covid 19 morbidity and mortality across countries |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09783-9 |
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