SAGUARO: Time-domain Infrastructure for the Fourth Gravitational-wave Observing Run and Beyond
We present upgraded infrastructure for Searches After Gravitational waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO) during LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA’s fourth gravitational-wave (GW) observing run (O4). These upgrades implement many of the lessons we learned after a comprehensive analysis of potential elect...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2170 |
| _version_ | 1797262249865248768 |
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| author | Griffin Hosseinzadeh Kerry Paterson Jillian C. Rastinejad Manisha Shrestha Philip N. Daly Michael J. Lundquist David J. Sand Wen-fai Fong K. Azalee Bostroem Saarah Hall Samuel D. Wyatt Alex R. Gibbs Eric Christensen William Lindstrom Jonathan Nation Joseph Chatelain Curtis McCully |
| author_facet | Griffin Hosseinzadeh Kerry Paterson Jillian C. Rastinejad Manisha Shrestha Philip N. Daly Michael J. Lundquist David J. Sand Wen-fai Fong K. Azalee Bostroem Saarah Hall Samuel D. Wyatt Alex R. Gibbs Eric Christensen William Lindstrom Jonathan Nation Joseph Chatelain Curtis McCully |
| author_sort | Griffin Hosseinzadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present upgraded infrastructure for Searches After Gravitational waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO) during LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA’s fourth gravitational-wave (GW) observing run (O4). These upgrades implement many of the lessons we learned after a comprehensive analysis of potential electromagnetic counterparts to the GWs discovered during the previous observing run. We have developed a new web-based target and observation manager (TOM) that allows us to coordinate sky surveys, vet potential counterparts, and trigger follow-up observations from one centralized portal. The TOM includes software that aggregates all publicly available information on the light curves and possible host galaxies of targets, allowing us to rule out potential contaminants like active galactic nuclei, variable stars, solar system objects, and preexisting supernovae, as well as to assess the viability of any plausible counterparts. We have also upgraded our image-subtraction pipeline by assembling deeper reference images and training a new neural-network-based real–bogus classifier. These infrastructure upgrades will aid coordination by enabling the prompt reporting of observations, discoveries, and analysis to the GW follow-up community, and put SAGUARO in an advantageous position to discover kilonovae in the remainder of O4 and beyond. Many elements of our open-source software stack have broad utility beyond multimessenger astronomy, and will be particularly relevant in the “big data” era of transient discoveries by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:54:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8153817b0f5e4c418ea68a1c53a2d348 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:54:07Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-8153817b0f5e4c418ea68a1c53a2d3482024-03-14T16:39:37ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0196413510.3847/1538-4357/ad2170SAGUARO: Time-domain Infrastructure for the Fourth Gravitational-wave Observing Run and BeyondGriffin Hosseinzadeh0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-2974Kerry Paterson1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8340-3486Jillian C. Rastinejad2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-6213Manisha Shrestha3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-1874Philip N. Daly4Michael J. Lundquist5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-3793David J. Sand6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-380XWen-fai Fong7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-935XK. Azalee Bostroem8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-444XSaarah Hall9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3841-380XSamuel D. Wyatt10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-4956Alex R. Gibbs11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-2618Eric Christensen12William Lindstrom13Jonathan Nation14Joseph Chatelain15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1278-5998Curtis McCully16https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-7893Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; griffin0@arizona.eduMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, GermanyCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Floor 8, Evanston, IL 60201-3497, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; griffin0@arizona.eduSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; griffin0@arizona.eduW.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Māmalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743-8431, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; griffin0@arizona.eduCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Floor 8, Evanston, IL 60201-3497, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA ; griffin0@arizona.eduCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Floor 8, Evanston, IL 60201-3497, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Washington , 3910 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195-0002, USALunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona , 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USARubin Observatory Project Office , 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719-4933, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USALas Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USAWe present upgraded infrastructure for Searches After Gravitational waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO) during LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA’s fourth gravitational-wave (GW) observing run (O4). These upgrades implement many of the lessons we learned after a comprehensive analysis of potential electromagnetic counterparts to the GWs discovered during the previous observing run. We have developed a new web-based target and observation manager (TOM) that allows us to coordinate sky surveys, vet potential counterparts, and trigger follow-up observations from one centralized portal. The TOM includes software that aggregates all publicly available information on the light curves and possible host galaxies of targets, allowing us to rule out potential contaminants like active galactic nuclei, variable stars, solar system objects, and preexisting supernovae, as well as to assess the viability of any plausible counterparts. We have also upgraded our image-subtraction pipeline by assembling deeper reference images and training a new neural-network-based real–bogus classifier. These infrastructure upgrades will aid coordination by enabling the prompt reporting of observations, discoveries, and analysis to the GW follow-up community, and put SAGUARO in an advantageous position to discover kilonovae in the remainder of O4 and beyond. Many elements of our open-source software stack have broad utility beyond multimessenger astronomy, and will be particularly relevant in the “big data” era of transient discoveries by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2170Astronomy softwareTransient detectionSky surveysNeutron starsGravitational wavesCompact binary stars |
| spellingShingle | Griffin Hosseinzadeh Kerry Paterson Jillian C. Rastinejad Manisha Shrestha Philip N. Daly Michael J. Lundquist David J. Sand Wen-fai Fong K. Azalee Bostroem Saarah Hall Samuel D. Wyatt Alex R. Gibbs Eric Christensen William Lindstrom Jonathan Nation Joseph Chatelain Curtis McCully SAGUARO: Time-domain Infrastructure for the Fourth Gravitational-wave Observing Run and Beyond The Astrophysical Journal Astronomy software Transient detection Sky surveys Neutron stars Gravitational waves Compact binary stars |
| title | SAGUARO: Time-domain Infrastructure for the Fourth Gravitational-wave Observing Run and Beyond |
| title_full | SAGUARO: Time-domain Infrastructure for the Fourth Gravitational-wave Observing Run and Beyond |
| title_fullStr | SAGUARO: Time-domain Infrastructure for the Fourth Gravitational-wave Observing Run and Beyond |
| title_full_unstemmed | SAGUARO: Time-domain Infrastructure for the Fourth Gravitational-wave Observing Run and Beyond |
| title_short | SAGUARO: Time-domain Infrastructure for the Fourth Gravitational-wave Observing Run and Beyond |
| title_sort | saguaro time domain infrastructure for the fourth gravitational wave observing run and beyond |
| topic | Astronomy software Transient detection Sky surveys Neutron stars Gravitational waves Compact binary stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2170 |
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