Exploring the association between canine perineal hernia and neurological, orthopedic, and gastrointestinal diseases
Abstract Background Perineal hernia (PH) is a relatively common condition in intact male dogs, but the etiology remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of gastrointestinal (GI), neurological, and orthopedic conditions to the development of PH in male dogs. Patient...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-022-00655-w |
| _version_ | 1811291457213956096 |
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| author | Tuuli Maria Åhlberg Tarja Susanna Jokinen Hanna Maija Salonen Outi Maria Laitinen-Vapaavuori Sari Helena Mölsä |
| author_facet | Tuuli Maria Åhlberg Tarja Susanna Jokinen Hanna Maija Salonen Outi Maria Laitinen-Vapaavuori Sari Helena Mölsä |
| author_sort | Tuuli Maria Åhlberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Perineal hernia (PH) is a relatively common condition in intact male dogs, but the etiology remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of gastrointestinal (GI), neurological, and orthopedic conditions to the development of PH in male dogs. Patient history with a focus on chronic GI disease was assessed using an owner questionnaire. Neurological conditions were explored, applying neurological, electromyographic (EMG), and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) examinations and combining these with computed tomography (CT) imaging. To exclude possible orthopedic diseases, an orthopedic examination was conducted together with CT analysis. The chi-squared test was used to assess the associations between categorical variables. Results Altogether, 66 male dogs with diagnosed PH were recruited for this study. The frequency of neurological, orthopedic, and GI diseases was low in dogs with PH. No signs of generalized neuro- or myopathies were detected. Still, perineal and bulbourethral reflexes were decreased or missing in 44.6% (29/65) and 40.0% (26/65) of dogs, respectively. Mild or moderate occlusion of the intervertebral foramen at the lumbosacral (LS) junction occurred in 18.5% (12/65) of dogs and was caused by spondylosis deformans in 83.3% (10/12). Moderate disc protrusion was evident in 9.2% (6/65) of dogs. Conclusion No evidence was found that PH is caused by gastrointestinal, orthopedic, or neurological conditions. Abnormalities in perineal and bulbourethral reflexes are most likely secondary to PH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:29:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81550f2484574fcfa66ac7e4cd5d91c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-0147 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:29:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
| spelling | doaj.art-81550f2484574fcfa66ac7e4cd5d91c52022-12-22T03:02:23ZengBMCActa Veterinaria Scandinavica1751-01472022-12-016411910.1186/s13028-022-00655-wExploring the association between canine perineal hernia and neurological, orthopedic, and gastrointestinal diseasesTuuli Maria Åhlberg0Tarja Susanna Jokinen1Hanna Maija Salonen2Outi Maria Laitinen-Vapaavuori3Sari Helena Mölsä4Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiAbstract Background Perineal hernia (PH) is a relatively common condition in intact male dogs, but the etiology remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of gastrointestinal (GI), neurological, and orthopedic conditions to the development of PH in male dogs. Patient history with a focus on chronic GI disease was assessed using an owner questionnaire. Neurological conditions were explored, applying neurological, electromyographic (EMG), and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) examinations and combining these with computed tomography (CT) imaging. To exclude possible orthopedic diseases, an orthopedic examination was conducted together with CT analysis. The chi-squared test was used to assess the associations between categorical variables. Results Altogether, 66 male dogs with diagnosed PH were recruited for this study. The frequency of neurological, orthopedic, and GI diseases was low in dogs with PH. No signs of generalized neuro- or myopathies were detected. Still, perineal and bulbourethral reflexes were decreased or missing in 44.6% (29/65) and 40.0% (26/65) of dogs, respectively. Mild or moderate occlusion of the intervertebral foramen at the lumbosacral (LS) junction occurred in 18.5% (12/65) of dogs and was caused by spondylosis deformans in 83.3% (10/12). Moderate disc protrusion was evident in 9.2% (6/65) of dogs. Conclusion No evidence was found that PH is caused by gastrointestinal, orthopedic, or neurological conditions. Abnormalities in perineal and bulbourethral reflexes are most likely secondary to PH.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-022-00655-wComputed tomographyDogElectromyographyLumbosacral stenosisMotor nerve conduction velocity |
| spellingShingle | Tuuli Maria Åhlberg Tarja Susanna Jokinen Hanna Maija Salonen Outi Maria Laitinen-Vapaavuori Sari Helena Mölsä Exploring the association between canine perineal hernia and neurological, orthopedic, and gastrointestinal diseases Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Computed tomography Dog Electromyography Lumbosacral stenosis Motor nerve conduction velocity |
| title | Exploring the association between canine perineal hernia and neurological, orthopedic, and gastrointestinal diseases |
| title_full | Exploring the association between canine perineal hernia and neurological, orthopedic, and gastrointestinal diseases |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the association between canine perineal hernia and neurological, orthopedic, and gastrointestinal diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the association between canine perineal hernia and neurological, orthopedic, and gastrointestinal diseases |
| title_short | Exploring the association between canine perineal hernia and neurological, orthopedic, and gastrointestinal diseases |
| title_sort | exploring the association between canine perineal hernia and neurological orthopedic and gastrointestinal diseases |
| topic | Computed tomography Dog Electromyography Lumbosacral stenosis Motor nerve conduction velocity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-022-00655-w |
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