Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogenic bacterium able to cause invasive pneumococcal diseases. Some studies have reported medicinal plants having antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. However, antibacterial studies of medicinal plants against S. pneumoniae remains limited. Ther...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274174 |
| _version_ | 1811203916809895936 |
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| author | Wisnu Tafroji Nur Ita Margyaningsih Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari Yayah Winarti Korrie Salsabila Hanifah Fajri Maharani Putri Nurjati Chairani Siregar Amin Soebandrio Dodi Safari |
| author_facet | Wisnu Tafroji Nur Ita Margyaningsih Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari Yayah Winarti Korrie Salsabila Hanifah Fajri Maharani Putri Nurjati Chairani Siregar Amin Soebandrio Dodi Safari |
| author_sort | Wisnu Tafroji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogenic bacterium able to cause invasive pneumococcal diseases. Some studies have reported medicinal plants having antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. However, antibacterial studies of medicinal plants against S. pneumoniae remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia against S. pneumoniae. Medicinal plants were extracted by maceration with n-hexane, ethanol, ethyl acetate and water. Antibacterial activity was defined by inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Bactericidal activity was measured by culture and time-killing measurement. Methods used to describe the mechanism of action of the strongest extract were done by absorbance at 595 nm, broth culture combined with 1% crystal violet, qRT-PCR targeting lytA, peZT and peZA, and transmission electron microscope to measure bacterial lysis, antibiofilm, LytA and peZAT gene expression, and ultrastructure changes respectively. Among 13 medicinal plants, L. inermis Linn. ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae with an MIC value of 0,16 mg/ml. Bactericidal activity was observed at 0,16 mg/ml for 1 hour incubation. Lawsonia inermis extract showed some mechanism of actions including bacterial lysis, antibiofilm, and ultrastructure changes such as cell wall disruption, decreasing cell membrane integrity and morphological disorder. Increasing of lytA and decreasing of peZA and peZT expression were also observed after incubation with the extract. In addition, liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometer showed phenolic compounds as the commonest compound in L. inermis ethyl acetate extract. This study describes the strong antibacterial activity of L. inermis with various mechanism of action including ultrastructure changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:04:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8156fd2d12df4235855ef3a7c856652b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:04:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-8156fd2d12df4235855ef3a7c856652b2022-12-22T03:50:34ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-01179e027417410.1371/journal.pone.0274174Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on Streptococcus pneumoniae.Wisnu TafrojiNur Ita MargyaningsihMiftahuddin Majid KhoeriWisiva Tofriska ParamaiswariYayah WinartiKorrie SalsabilaHanifah Fajri Maharani PutriNurjati Chairani SiregarAmin SoebandrioDodi SafariStreptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogenic bacterium able to cause invasive pneumococcal diseases. Some studies have reported medicinal plants having antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. However, antibacterial studies of medicinal plants against S. pneumoniae remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia against S. pneumoniae. Medicinal plants were extracted by maceration with n-hexane, ethanol, ethyl acetate and water. Antibacterial activity was defined by inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Bactericidal activity was measured by culture and time-killing measurement. Methods used to describe the mechanism of action of the strongest extract were done by absorbance at 595 nm, broth culture combined with 1% crystal violet, qRT-PCR targeting lytA, peZT and peZA, and transmission electron microscope to measure bacterial lysis, antibiofilm, LytA and peZAT gene expression, and ultrastructure changes respectively. Among 13 medicinal plants, L. inermis Linn. ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae with an MIC value of 0,16 mg/ml. Bactericidal activity was observed at 0,16 mg/ml for 1 hour incubation. Lawsonia inermis extract showed some mechanism of actions including bacterial lysis, antibiofilm, and ultrastructure changes such as cell wall disruption, decreasing cell membrane integrity and morphological disorder. Increasing of lytA and decreasing of peZA and peZT expression were also observed after incubation with the extract. In addition, liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometer showed phenolic compounds as the commonest compound in L. inermis ethyl acetate extract. This study describes the strong antibacterial activity of L. inermis with various mechanism of action including ultrastructure changes.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274174 |
| spellingShingle | Wisnu Tafroji Nur Ita Margyaningsih Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari Yayah Winarti Korrie Salsabila Hanifah Fajri Maharani Putri Nurjati Chairani Siregar Amin Soebandrio Dodi Safari Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on Streptococcus pneumoniae. PLoS ONE |
| title | Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on Streptococcus pneumoniae. |
| title_full | Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on Streptococcus pneumoniae. |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on Streptococcus pneumoniae. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on Streptococcus pneumoniae. |
| title_short | Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in Indonesia on Streptococcus pneumoniae. |
| title_sort | antibacterial activity of medicinal plants in indonesia on streptococcus pneumoniae |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274174 |
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