Synthetic Bio-Graphene Based Nanomaterials through Different Iron Catalysts
Kraft lignin was catalytically graphitized to graphene-based nanostructures at 1000 °C under argon atmosphere with four iron catalysts, iron(III) nitrate (Fe-N); iron(II) chloride (Fe-Cl2); iron(III) chloride (Fe-Cl3); and iron(II) sulfate (Fe-S). The catalytic decomposition process of iron-...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/10/840 |
| _version_ | 1818379714726723584 |
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| author | Qiangu Yan Jinghao Li Xuefeng Zhang Jilei Zhang Zhiyong Cai |
| author_facet | Qiangu Yan Jinghao Li Xuefeng Zhang Jilei Zhang Zhiyong Cai |
| author_sort | Qiangu Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kraft lignin was catalytically graphitized to graphene-based nanostructures at 1000 °C under argon atmosphere with four iron catalysts, iron(III) nitrate (Fe-N); iron(II) chloride (Fe-Cl2); iron(III) chloride (Fe-Cl3); and iron(II) sulfate (Fe-S). The catalytic decomposition process of iron-promoted lignin materials was examined using thermalgravimetric analysis and temperature-programmed decomposition methods. The crystal structure, morphology and surface area of produced materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption−desorption techniques. Experimental results indicated that iron nitrate catalyst had better iron dispersion three other iron salts. Iron nitrate was the most active catalyst among four iron salts. The low activity of iron in iron chloride-promoted samples was because the residual chlorine over iron surfaces prevent iron interaction with lignin functional groups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T02:07:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81614d08356241d897bffaf2838d0711 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T02:07:11Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-81614d08356241d897bffaf2838d07112022-12-21T23:20:52ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912018-10-0181084010.3390/nano8100840nano8100840Synthetic Bio-Graphene Based Nanomaterials through Different Iron CatalystsQiangu Yan0Jinghao Li1Xuefeng Zhang2Jilei Zhang3Zhiyong Cai4Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USAForest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USADepartment of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USADepartment of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USAForest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USAKraft lignin was catalytically graphitized to graphene-based nanostructures at 1000 °C under argon atmosphere with four iron catalysts, iron(III) nitrate (Fe-N); iron(II) chloride (Fe-Cl2); iron(III) chloride (Fe-Cl3); and iron(II) sulfate (Fe-S). The catalytic decomposition process of iron-promoted lignin materials was examined using thermalgravimetric analysis and temperature-programmed decomposition methods. The crystal structure, morphology and surface area of produced materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption−desorption techniques. Experimental results indicated that iron nitrate catalyst had better iron dispersion three other iron salts. Iron nitrate was the most active catalyst among four iron salts. The low activity of iron in iron chloride-promoted samples was because the residual chlorine over iron surfaces prevent iron interaction with lignin functional groups.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/10/840kraft lignincatalytic thermal decompositioncarbon-based nanomaterialsiron(III) nitrateiron(II) sulfateiron(II) chlorideiron(III) chloride |
| spellingShingle | Qiangu Yan Jinghao Li Xuefeng Zhang Jilei Zhang Zhiyong Cai Synthetic Bio-Graphene Based Nanomaterials through Different Iron Catalysts Nanomaterials kraft lignin catalytic thermal decomposition carbon-based nanomaterials iron(III) nitrate iron(II) sulfate iron(II) chloride iron(III) chloride |
| title | Synthetic Bio-Graphene Based Nanomaterials through Different Iron Catalysts |
| title_full | Synthetic Bio-Graphene Based Nanomaterials through Different Iron Catalysts |
| title_fullStr | Synthetic Bio-Graphene Based Nanomaterials through Different Iron Catalysts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthetic Bio-Graphene Based Nanomaterials through Different Iron Catalysts |
| title_short | Synthetic Bio-Graphene Based Nanomaterials through Different Iron Catalysts |
| title_sort | synthetic bio graphene based nanomaterials through different iron catalysts |
| topic | kraft lignin catalytic thermal decomposition carbon-based nanomaterials iron(III) nitrate iron(II) sulfate iron(II) chloride iron(III) chloride |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/10/840 |
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