An overview on Monkeypox, Current Paradigms and Advances in its Vaccination, Treatment and Clinical Management: Trends, Scope, Promise and Challenges

Monkeypox virus is an orthopoxvirus sharing the common genus with variola and vaccinia virus. Most of the monkeypox (MPX) cases had been reported from the central and west African region (the main endemic areas) prior to 2022 but there was a sudden outbreak in May, 2022 disseminating the infections...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Varruchi Sharma, Diwakar Aggarwal, Anil Kumar Sharma, Deepak Chandran, Ajay Sharma, Hitesh Chopra, Talha Bin Emran, Abhijit Dey, Kuldeep Dhama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 2022-12-01
Series:Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://microbiologyjournal.org/an-overview-on-monkeypox-current-paradigms-and-advances-in-its-vaccination-treatment-and-clinical-management-trends-scope-promise-and-challenges/
_version_ 1797945125280677888
author Varruchi Sharma
Diwakar Aggarwal
Anil Kumar Sharma
Deepak Chandran
Ajay Sharma
Hitesh Chopra
Talha Bin Emran
Abhijit Dey
Kuldeep Dhama
author_facet Varruchi Sharma
Diwakar Aggarwal
Anil Kumar Sharma
Deepak Chandran
Ajay Sharma
Hitesh Chopra
Talha Bin Emran
Abhijit Dey
Kuldeep Dhama
author_sort Varruchi Sharma
collection DOAJ
description Monkeypox virus is an orthopoxvirus sharing the common genus with variola and vaccinia virus. Most of the monkeypox (MPX) cases had been reported from the central and west African region (the main endemic areas) prior to 2022 but there was a sudden outbreak in May, 2022 disseminating the infections to thousands of people even in non-endemic countries, posing a global public health emergency. MPX was considered a rae and neglected disease, however the 2022 MPX outbreaks in multiple countries attracted attention of worldwide researchers to pace up for carrying out researches on various aspects of MPXV including attempts to design and develop diagnostics, vaccines, drugs and therapeutics counteract MPX. Apart from being a zoonotic disease, the current outbreaks highlighted rapid human-to-human transmission of MPXV, besides the reverse zoonosis has also been documented with recent first report of human-to-dog transmission, urging a call for the importance of one health approach. Atypical and unusual disease manifestations as well asymptomatic MPXV infections have also been observed during 2022 MPX outbreak. The affected patients typically develop a rash resulting in a mild disease followed by recovery with some supportive care and use of antivirals such as tecovirimat, cidofovir and brincidofovir in severe disease cases. Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine with an excellent safety profile has been recommended to patients with higher risk exposure and immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, another vaccine the replication-competent vaccine (ACAM2000) could be a suitable alternative to MVA’s non-availability to some selective immunocompetent individuals. Current review highlights the salient aspects of management and treatment of monkeypox along with underlying promises in terms of therapeutics and a variety of challenges posed due to current global public health emergency situation to counteract MPX.
first_indexed 2024-04-10T20:50:21Z
format Article
id doaj.art-8165e34263b7486ba51c2f4c944db3d8
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 0973-7510
2581-690X
language English
last_indexed 2024-04-10T20:50:21Z
publishDate 2022-12-01
publisher Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
record_format Article
series Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
spelling doaj.art-8165e34263b7486ba51c2f4c944db3d82023-01-23T16:01:20ZengJournal of Pure and Applied MicrobiologyJournal of Pure and Applied Microbiology0973-75102581-690X2022-12-0116suppl 130003012https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.16.SPL1.21An overview on Monkeypox, Current Paradigms and Advances in its Vaccination, Treatment and Clinical Management: Trends, Scope, Promise and ChallengesVarruchi Sharmahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0465-8075Diwakar Aggarwalhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-4341Anil Kumar Sharmahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-1644Deepak Chandranhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-6969Ajay Sharmahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1555-1791Hitesh Choprahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8867-7603Talha Bin Emranhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-2272Abhijit Deyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-0802Kuldeep Dhamahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-4752Monkeypox virus is an orthopoxvirus sharing the common genus with variola and vaccinia virus. Most of the monkeypox (MPX) cases had been reported from the central and west African region (the main endemic areas) prior to 2022 but there was a sudden outbreak in May, 2022 disseminating the infections to thousands of people even in non-endemic countries, posing a global public health emergency. MPX was considered a rae and neglected disease, however the 2022 MPX outbreaks in multiple countries attracted attention of worldwide researchers to pace up for carrying out researches on various aspects of MPXV including attempts to design and develop diagnostics, vaccines, drugs and therapeutics counteract MPX. Apart from being a zoonotic disease, the current outbreaks highlighted rapid human-to-human transmission of MPXV, besides the reverse zoonosis has also been documented with recent first report of human-to-dog transmission, urging a call for the importance of one health approach. Atypical and unusual disease manifestations as well asymptomatic MPXV infections have also been observed during 2022 MPX outbreak. The affected patients typically develop a rash resulting in a mild disease followed by recovery with some supportive care and use of antivirals such as tecovirimat, cidofovir and brincidofovir in severe disease cases. Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine with an excellent safety profile has been recommended to patients with higher risk exposure and immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, another vaccine the replication-competent vaccine (ACAM2000) could be a suitable alternative to MVA’s non-availability to some selective immunocompetent individuals. Current review highlights the salient aspects of management and treatment of monkeypox along with underlying promises in terms of therapeutics and a variety of challenges posed due to current global public health emergency situation to counteract MPX.https://microbiologyjournal.org/an-overview-on-monkeypox-current-paradigms-and-advances-in-its-vaccination-treatment-and-clinical-management-trends-scope-promise-and-challenges/monkeypoxepidemiologydiseasetherapeuticsdrugsvaccinesclinical management
spellingShingle Varruchi Sharma
Diwakar Aggarwal
Anil Kumar Sharma
Deepak Chandran
Ajay Sharma
Hitesh Chopra
Talha Bin Emran
Abhijit Dey
Kuldeep Dhama
An overview on Monkeypox, Current Paradigms and Advances in its Vaccination, Treatment and Clinical Management: Trends, Scope, Promise and Challenges
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
monkeypox
epidemiology
disease
therapeutics
drugs
vaccines
clinical management
title An overview on Monkeypox, Current Paradigms and Advances in its Vaccination, Treatment and Clinical Management: Trends, Scope, Promise and Challenges
title_full An overview on Monkeypox, Current Paradigms and Advances in its Vaccination, Treatment and Clinical Management: Trends, Scope, Promise and Challenges
title_fullStr An overview on Monkeypox, Current Paradigms and Advances in its Vaccination, Treatment and Clinical Management: Trends, Scope, Promise and Challenges
title_full_unstemmed An overview on Monkeypox, Current Paradigms and Advances in its Vaccination, Treatment and Clinical Management: Trends, Scope, Promise and Challenges
title_short An overview on Monkeypox, Current Paradigms and Advances in its Vaccination, Treatment and Clinical Management: Trends, Scope, Promise and Challenges
title_sort overview on monkeypox current paradigms and advances in its vaccination treatment and clinical management trends scope promise and challenges
topic monkeypox
epidemiology
disease
therapeutics
drugs
vaccines
clinical management
url https://microbiologyjournal.org/an-overview-on-monkeypox-current-paradigms-and-advances-in-its-vaccination-treatment-and-clinical-management-trends-scope-promise-and-challenges/
work_keys_str_mv AT varruchisharma anoverviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT diwakaraggarwal anoverviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT anilkumarsharma anoverviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT deepakchandran anoverviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT ajaysharma anoverviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT hiteshchopra anoverviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT talhabinemran anoverviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT abhijitdey anoverviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT kuldeepdhama anoverviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT varruchisharma overviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT diwakaraggarwal overviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT anilkumarsharma overviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT deepakchandran overviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT ajaysharma overviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT hiteshchopra overviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT talhabinemran overviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT abhijitdey overviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges
AT kuldeepdhama overviewonmonkeypoxcurrentparadigmsandadvancesinitsvaccinationtreatmentandclinicalmanagementtrendsscopepromiseandchallenges