ON-1 and BA-IX Are the Dominant Sub-Genotypes of Human Orthopneumovirus A&B in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
<i>Human orthopneumovirus</i> (HOPV) is the major viral pathogen responsible for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and young children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Yet, predominant HOPV subtypes circulating in this region and their molecular and epidemiological characteris...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/12/2288 |
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| author | Rasha M. Alzayed Ibrahim M. Aziz Asma N. Alsaleh Gani Asa Dudin Anwar A. Ahmed Tajamul Hussain Abdullah K. Alshememry Ali M. Somily Muslim M. Alsaadi Fahad N. Almajhdi |
| author_facet | Rasha M. Alzayed Ibrahim M. Aziz Asma N. Alsaleh Gani Asa Dudin Anwar A. Ahmed Tajamul Hussain Abdullah K. Alshememry Ali M. Somily Muslim M. Alsaadi Fahad N. Almajhdi |
| author_sort | Rasha M. Alzayed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Human orthopneumovirus</i> (HOPV) is the major viral pathogen responsible for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and young children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Yet, predominant HOPV subtypes circulating in this region and their molecular and epidemiological characteristics are not fully ascertained. A total of 300 clinical samples involving nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs), throat swabs, and sputum were collected during winter seasons of 2019/2020 and 2021/2022 for HOPV subtyping and genotyping. Of the 300 samples, HOPV was identified in 55 samples (18.3%) with a distinct predominance of type A viruses (81.8%) compared to type B viruses (18.2%). Importantly, the ON1 strain of HOPV-A and BA-IX strain of HOPV-B groups were found to be responsible for all the infections. Sequence analysis revealed a duplication region within 2nd HVR of G protein gene of ON1 and BA-IX strains. This nucleotide duplication exerted a profound effect on protein length and affinity towards cell receptors. Further, these modifications may aid the HOPV in immune evasion and recurrent infections. Data from this study showed that ON-1 genotype of HOPV-A and BA-IX genotype of HOPV-B were dominant in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Further, a duplication of sequence within 2nd HVR of G protein gene was found. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:29:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-817101d9a10b4f7fb16410393ff0c444 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:29:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-817101d9a10b4f7fb16410393ff0c4442023-11-24T15:04:20ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-12-011312228810.3390/genes13122288ON-1 and BA-IX Are the Dominant Sub-Genotypes of Human Orthopneumovirus A&B in Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaRasha M. Alzayed0Ibrahim M. Aziz1Asma N. Alsaleh2Gani Asa Dudin3Anwar A. Ahmed4Tajamul Hussain5Abdullah K. Alshememry6Ali M. Somily7Muslim M. Alsaadi8Fahad N. Almajhdi9Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaCenter of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaCenter of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia<i>Human orthopneumovirus</i> (HOPV) is the major viral pathogen responsible for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and young children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Yet, predominant HOPV subtypes circulating in this region and their molecular and epidemiological characteristics are not fully ascertained. A total of 300 clinical samples involving nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs), throat swabs, and sputum were collected during winter seasons of 2019/2020 and 2021/2022 for HOPV subtyping and genotyping. Of the 300 samples, HOPV was identified in 55 samples (18.3%) with a distinct predominance of type A viruses (81.8%) compared to type B viruses (18.2%). Importantly, the ON1 strain of HOPV-A and BA-IX strain of HOPV-B groups were found to be responsible for all the infections. Sequence analysis revealed a duplication region within 2nd HVR of G protein gene of ON1 and BA-IX strains. This nucleotide duplication exerted a profound effect on protein length and affinity towards cell receptors. Further, these modifications may aid the HOPV in immune evasion and recurrent infections. Data from this study showed that ON-1 genotype of HOPV-A and BA-IX genotype of HOPV-B were dominant in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Further, a duplication of sequence within 2nd HVR of G protein gene was found.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/12/2288human <i>orthopneumovirus</i>ON-1BA-IX2nd HVRHRSVRiyadh |
| spellingShingle | Rasha M. Alzayed Ibrahim M. Aziz Asma N. Alsaleh Gani Asa Dudin Anwar A. Ahmed Tajamul Hussain Abdullah K. Alshememry Ali M. Somily Muslim M. Alsaadi Fahad N. Almajhdi ON-1 and BA-IX Are the Dominant Sub-Genotypes of Human Orthopneumovirus A&B in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Genes human <i>orthopneumovirus</i> ON-1 BA-IX 2nd HVR HRSV Riyadh |
| title | ON-1 and BA-IX Are the Dominant Sub-Genotypes of Human Orthopneumovirus A&B in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | ON-1 and BA-IX Are the Dominant Sub-Genotypes of Human Orthopneumovirus A&B in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | ON-1 and BA-IX Are the Dominant Sub-Genotypes of Human Orthopneumovirus A&B in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | ON-1 and BA-IX Are the Dominant Sub-Genotypes of Human Orthopneumovirus A&B in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | ON-1 and BA-IX Are the Dominant Sub-Genotypes of Human Orthopneumovirus A&B in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | on 1 and ba ix are the dominant sub genotypes of human orthopneumovirus a b in riyadh saudi arabia |
| topic | human <i>orthopneumovirus</i> ON-1 BA-IX 2nd HVR HRSV Riyadh |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/12/2288 |
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