Review: Impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cows
Making dairy farming more cost-effective and reducing nitrogen environmental pollution could be reached through a reduced input of dietary protein, provided productivity is not compromised. This could be achieved through balancing dairy rations for essential amino acids (EAA) rather than their aggre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Animal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731119003173 |
| _version_ | 1818740245082931200 |
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| author | H. Lapierre R. Martineau M.D. Hanigan H.J. van Lingen E. Kebreab J.W. Spek D.R. Ouellet |
| author_facet | H. Lapierre R. Martineau M.D. Hanigan H.J. van Lingen E. Kebreab J.W. Spek D.R. Ouellet |
| author_sort | H. Lapierre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Making dairy farming more cost-effective and reducing nitrogen environmental pollution could be reached through a reduced input of dietary protein, provided productivity is not compromised. This could be achieved through balancing dairy rations for essential amino acids (EAA) rather than their aggregate, the metabolizable protein (MP). This review revisits the estimations of the major true protein secretions in dairy cows, milk protein yield (MPY), metabolic fecal protein (MFP), endogenous urinary loss and scurf and associated AA composition. The combined efficiency with which MP (EffMP) or EAA (EffAA) is used to support protein secretions is calculated as the sum of true protein secretions (MPY + MFP + scurf) divided by the net supply (adjusted to remove the endogenous urinary excretion: MPadj and AAadj). Using the proposed protein and AA secretions, EffMP and EffAA were predicted through meta-analyses (807 treatment means) and validated using an independent database (129 treatment means). The effects of MPadj or AAadj, plus digestible energy intake (DEI), days in milk (DIM) and parity (primiparous v. multiparous), were significant in all models. Models using (MPadj, MPadj × MPadj, DEI and DEI × DEI) or (MPadj/DEI and MPadj/DEI × MPadj/DEI) had similar corrected Akaike’s information criterion, but the model using MPadj/DEI performed better in the validation database. A model that also included this ratio was, therefore, used to fitting equations to predict EffAA. These equations predicted well EffAA in the validation database except for Arg which had a strong slope bias. Predictions of MPY from predicted EffMP based on MPadj/DEI, MPadj/DEI × MPadj/DEI, DIM and parity yielded a better fit than direct predictions of MPY based on MPadj, MPadj × MPadj, DEI, DIM and parity. Predictions of MPY based on each EffAA yielded fairly similar results among AA. It is proposed to ponder the mean of MPY predictions obtained from each EffAA by the lowest prediction to retain the potential limitation from AA with the shortest supply. Overall, the revisited estimations of endogenous urinary excretion and MFP, revised AA composition of protein secretions and inclusion of a variable combined EffAA (based on AAadj/DEI, AAadj/DEI × Aadj/DEI, DIM and parity) offer the potential to improve predictions of MPY, identify which AA are potentially in short supply and, therefore, improve the AA balance of dairy rations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:37:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8171d85e2ef84efabba360357df3abb6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-7311 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:37:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal |
| spelling | doaj.art-8171d85e2ef84efabba360357df3abb62022-12-21T21:25:25ZengElsevierAnimal1751-73112020-01-0114s87s102Review: Impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cowsH. Lapierre0R. Martineau1M.D. Hanigan2H.J. van Lingen3E. Kebreab4J.W. Spek5D.R. Ouellet6Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 0C8, CanadaDépartement des sciences animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USAWageningen Livestock Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen 6708 WD, The NetherlandsAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Québec J1M 0C8, CanadaMaking dairy farming more cost-effective and reducing nitrogen environmental pollution could be reached through a reduced input of dietary protein, provided productivity is not compromised. This could be achieved through balancing dairy rations for essential amino acids (EAA) rather than their aggregate, the metabolizable protein (MP). This review revisits the estimations of the major true protein secretions in dairy cows, milk protein yield (MPY), metabolic fecal protein (MFP), endogenous urinary loss and scurf and associated AA composition. The combined efficiency with which MP (EffMP) or EAA (EffAA) is used to support protein secretions is calculated as the sum of true protein secretions (MPY + MFP + scurf) divided by the net supply (adjusted to remove the endogenous urinary excretion: MPadj and AAadj). Using the proposed protein and AA secretions, EffMP and EffAA were predicted through meta-analyses (807 treatment means) and validated using an independent database (129 treatment means). The effects of MPadj or AAadj, plus digestible energy intake (DEI), days in milk (DIM) and parity (primiparous v. multiparous), were significant in all models. Models using (MPadj, MPadj × MPadj, DEI and DEI × DEI) or (MPadj/DEI and MPadj/DEI × MPadj/DEI) had similar corrected Akaike’s information criterion, but the model using MPadj/DEI performed better in the validation database. A model that also included this ratio was, therefore, used to fitting equations to predict EffAA. These equations predicted well EffAA in the validation database except for Arg which had a strong slope bias. Predictions of MPY from predicted EffMP based on MPadj/DEI, MPadj/DEI × MPadj/DEI, DIM and parity yielded a better fit than direct predictions of MPY based on MPadj, MPadj × MPadj, DEI, DIM and parity. Predictions of MPY based on each EffAA yielded fairly similar results among AA. It is proposed to ponder the mean of MPY predictions obtained from each EffAA by the lowest prediction to retain the potential limitation from AA with the shortest supply. Overall, the revisited estimations of endogenous urinary excretion and MFP, revised AA composition of protein secretions and inclusion of a variable combined EffAA (based on AAadj/DEI, AAadj/DEI × Aadj/DEI, DIM and parity) offer the potential to improve predictions of MPY, identify which AA are potentially in short supply and, therefore, improve the AA balance of dairy rations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731119003173efficiencyrationformulationrequirementnitrogen |
| spellingShingle | H. Lapierre R. Martineau M.D. Hanigan H.J. van Lingen E. Kebreab J.W. Spek D.R. Ouellet Review: Impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cows Animal efficiency ration formulation requirement nitrogen |
| title | Review: Impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cows |
| title_full | Review: Impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cows |
| title_fullStr | Review: Impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review: Impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cows |
| title_short | Review: Impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cows |
| title_sort | review impact of protein and energy supply on the fate of amino acids from absorption to milk protein in dairy cows |
| topic | efficiency ration formulation requirement nitrogen |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731119003173 |
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