| Summary: | Rapid industrialization and unplanned urbanization have significantly
increased environmental pollution. These human behaviors have resulted in
massive waste discharges into the environment. As a result, organic and
inorganic contaminants, including heavy metals, have accumulated in
surface and groundwater. Heavy metals are highly carcinogenic and deadly.
Heavy metal removal from drinking water has always been difficult.
Conventional water treatment procedures could be more efficient, wasteful
of energy, and generate massive amounts of harmful waste. In this
initiative, researchers created a bio-based adsorption technology for
removing heavy metal ions from polluted water. Nano celluloses (NCs) as
biosorbents have sparked considerable attention due to their unique
properties, such as the presence of several -OH groups on their surface,
allowing the insertion of chemical moieties, a substantial specific surface
area, strong mechanical properties, recyclability, and biodegradability. This
review paper goes into great detail regarding the ways of producing Nano
cellulose and its essential qualities. Many factors influence the use of NCbased adsorbents in water treatment systems, including synthesis
pathways, functionalization of the surface, specific surface area,
regeneration capacity, and reusability. Recent advances in bio-sorbent
synthesis have prompted using bio-derived NC-based adsorbents in water
treatment methods. This study also demonstrates that utilizing the
potential for agricultural wastes, specifically sugarcane bagasse (SCB), as a
precursor for Nano celluloses represents a sustainable approach, namely
the conversion of low-value waste into a specific high-value product and its
use in wastewater treatment.
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