<i>Spirulina maxima</i> Decreases Endothelial Damage and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Results from Exploratory Controlled Clinical Trial
(1) Background: <i>Spirulina</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) <i>maxima</i> has shown beneficial effects such as being anti-dyslipidemic, antiviral, antioxidant and antihypertensive. However, there are few and limited clinical studies. (2) Methods: a prospective, randomiz...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/12/496 |
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| author | Jesús Martínez-Sámano Adriana Torres-Montes de Oca Oscar Ivan Luqueño-Bocardo Patricia V. Torres-Durán Marco A. Juárez-Oropeza |
| author_facet | Jesús Martínez-Sámano Adriana Torres-Montes de Oca Oscar Ivan Luqueño-Bocardo Patricia V. Torres-Durán Marco A. Juárez-Oropeza |
| author_sort | Jesús Martínez-Sámano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: <i>Spirulina</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) <i>maxima</i> has shown beneficial effects such as being anti-dyslipidemic, antiviral, antioxidant and antihypertensive. However, there are few and limited clinical studies. (2) Methods: a prospective, randomized, parallel pilot study of 4.5 g administration of <i>Spirulina</i> <i>maxima</i> or placebo for 12 weeks in 16 patients with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) undergoing treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors was performed to assess the effects on endothelial damage and oxidative stress indicators. The blood levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, endothelin-1, and sE-selectin were quantified; the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and concentrations of reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, were also quantified before and after the treatment period. (3) Results: There were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decreases in systolic blood pressure, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin and endothelin-1 levels, and increases in glutathione peroxidase activity and oxidized glutathione levels. (4) Conclusion: The effects found in the present study agree with antihypertensive and antioxidant effects previously reported for <i>Spirulina maxima</i>. However, this is the first report about the effects on indicators of endothelial damage. More research in this field is necessary to gain an insight into the effects of <i>Spirulina</i> on these indicators. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:19:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-817fa08338cb404d8de73dd9831aea87 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:19:18Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-817fa08338cb404d8de73dd9831aea872022-12-22T04:22:16ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972018-12-01161249610.3390/md16120496md16120496<i>Spirulina maxima</i> Decreases Endothelial Damage and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Results from Exploratory Controlled Clinical TrialJesús Martínez-Sámano0Adriana Torres-Montes de Oca1Oscar Ivan Luqueño-Bocardo2Patricia V. Torres-Durán3Marco A. Juárez-Oropeza4Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico(1) Background: <i>Spirulina</i> (<i>Arthrospira</i>) <i>maxima</i> has shown beneficial effects such as being anti-dyslipidemic, antiviral, antioxidant and antihypertensive. However, there are few and limited clinical studies. (2) Methods: a prospective, randomized, parallel pilot study of 4.5 g administration of <i>Spirulina</i> <i>maxima</i> or placebo for 12 weeks in 16 patients with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) undergoing treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors was performed to assess the effects on endothelial damage and oxidative stress indicators. The blood levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, endothelin-1, and sE-selectin were quantified; the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and concentrations of reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, were also quantified before and after the treatment period. (3) Results: There were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decreases in systolic blood pressure, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin and endothelin-1 levels, and increases in glutathione peroxidase activity and oxidized glutathione levels. (4) Conclusion: The effects found in the present study agree with antihypertensive and antioxidant effects previously reported for <i>Spirulina maxima</i>. However, this is the first report about the effects on indicators of endothelial damage. More research in this field is necessary to gain an insight into the effects of <i>Spirulina</i> on these indicators.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/12/496<i>Arthrospira maxima</i>antioxidantcardiovascularnutraceuticalsystolic blood pressure |
| spellingShingle | Jesús Martínez-Sámano Adriana Torres-Montes de Oca Oscar Ivan Luqueño-Bocardo Patricia V. Torres-Durán Marco A. Juárez-Oropeza <i>Spirulina maxima</i> Decreases Endothelial Damage and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Results from Exploratory Controlled Clinical Trial Marine Drugs <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> antioxidant cardiovascular nutraceutical systolic blood pressure |
| title | <i>Spirulina maxima</i> Decreases Endothelial Damage and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Results from Exploratory Controlled Clinical Trial |
| title_full | <i>Spirulina maxima</i> Decreases Endothelial Damage and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Results from Exploratory Controlled Clinical Trial |
| title_fullStr | <i>Spirulina maxima</i> Decreases Endothelial Damage and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Results from Exploratory Controlled Clinical Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Spirulina maxima</i> Decreases Endothelial Damage and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Results from Exploratory Controlled Clinical Trial |
| title_short | <i>Spirulina maxima</i> Decreases Endothelial Damage and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Results from Exploratory Controlled Clinical Trial |
| title_sort | i spirulina maxima i decreases endothelial damage and oxidative stress indicators in patients with systemic arterial hypertension results from exploratory controlled clinical trial |
| topic | <i>Arthrospira maxima</i> antioxidant cardiovascular nutraceutical systolic blood pressure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/12/496 |
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