Unsynchronized Driving Mechanisms of Spring and Autumn Phenology Over Northern Hemisphere Grasslands
Global warming has impacted Northern Hemisphere (NH) grassland ecosystems to a great extent. Vegetation growing season length (GSL) has been extended by concurrent advances in spring green-up and postponements in autumn dormancy. However, the driving mechanisms of phenology are unclear as limited fa...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Forests and Global Change |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2020.610162/full |
| _version_ | 1818415185031856128 |
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| author | Nan Cong Ke Huang Yangjian Zhang Yangjian Zhang Yangjian Zhang |
| author_facet | Nan Cong Ke Huang Yangjian Zhang Yangjian Zhang Yangjian Zhang |
| author_sort | Nan Cong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global warming has impacted Northern Hemisphere (NH) grassland ecosystems to a great extent. Vegetation growing season length (GSL) has been extended by concurrent advances in spring green-up and postponements in autumn dormancy. However, the driving mechanisms of phenology are unclear as limited factors have been considered so far. Therefore, it is still elusive to what extent phenological changes shaped GSL. In this study, we used remote sensing normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to extract spring and autumn phenology of NH grasslands, and further explored the contribution of each phenophase to GSL through the coefficient of variation (CV) and contribution coefficient (CntC). We found that 65% of NH grasslands exhibited advanced start-of-season (SOS) and circa 58% showed delayed end-of-season (EOS) in the three decades. Changes in GSL was regulated more by EOS changes than by SOS changes, as evidenced by their respective 52 vs. 48% CntC. As for the relationship between phenology and environmental elements, the causing factor analysis revealed that climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, and their interactions) played a dominant role in SOS variations, while environmental and internal factors exerted dominant effects on EOS. Also, interactions of temperature and precipitation contributed a higher variation of SOS than either of them individually. The differentiated factors controlling the two bounding ends of the growing season suggested that it is impossible for GSL to continue to extend without limits under global warming. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:30:58Z |
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| id | doaj.art-8180251e4094454cbaee1d0ccbaa89c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-893X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:30:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Forests and Global Change |
| spelling | doaj.art-8180251e4094454cbaee1d0ccbaa89c62022-12-21T23:03:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Forests and Global Change2624-893X2021-01-01310.3389/ffgc.2020.610162610162Unsynchronized Driving Mechanisms of Spring and Autumn Phenology Over Northern Hemisphere GrasslandsNan Cong0Ke Huang1Yangjian Zhang2Yangjian Zhang3Yangjian Zhang4Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaGlobal warming has impacted Northern Hemisphere (NH) grassland ecosystems to a great extent. Vegetation growing season length (GSL) has been extended by concurrent advances in spring green-up and postponements in autumn dormancy. However, the driving mechanisms of phenology are unclear as limited factors have been considered so far. Therefore, it is still elusive to what extent phenological changes shaped GSL. In this study, we used remote sensing normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to extract spring and autumn phenology of NH grasslands, and further explored the contribution of each phenophase to GSL through the coefficient of variation (CV) and contribution coefficient (CntC). We found that 65% of NH grasslands exhibited advanced start-of-season (SOS) and circa 58% showed delayed end-of-season (EOS) in the three decades. Changes in GSL was regulated more by EOS changes than by SOS changes, as evidenced by their respective 52 vs. 48% CntC. As for the relationship between phenology and environmental elements, the causing factor analysis revealed that climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, and their interactions) played a dominant role in SOS variations, while environmental and internal factors exerted dominant effects on EOS. Also, interactions of temperature and precipitation contributed a higher variation of SOS than either of them individually. The differentiated factors controlling the two bounding ends of the growing season suggested that it is impossible for GSL to continue to extend without limits under global warming.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2020.610162/fullland surface phenologygrasslandgrowing season lengthinteraction of temperature and precipitationmultivariate relational model |
| spellingShingle | Nan Cong Ke Huang Yangjian Zhang Yangjian Zhang Yangjian Zhang Unsynchronized Driving Mechanisms of Spring and Autumn Phenology Over Northern Hemisphere Grasslands Frontiers in Forests and Global Change land surface phenology grassland growing season length interaction of temperature and precipitation multivariate relational model |
| title | Unsynchronized Driving Mechanisms of Spring and Autumn Phenology Over Northern Hemisphere Grasslands |
| title_full | Unsynchronized Driving Mechanisms of Spring and Autumn Phenology Over Northern Hemisphere Grasslands |
| title_fullStr | Unsynchronized Driving Mechanisms of Spring and Autumn Phenology Over Northern Hemisphere Grasslands |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unsynchronized Driving Mechanisms of Spring and Autumn Phenology Over Northern Hemisphere Grasslands |
| title_short | Unsynchronized Driving Mechanisms of Spring and Autumn Phenology Over Northern Hemisphere Grasslands |
| title_sort | unsynchronized driving mechanisms of spring and autumn phenology over northern hemisphere grasslands |
| topic | land surface phenology grassland growing season length interaction of temperature and precipitation multivariate relational model |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2020.610162/full |
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