Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation
The remediation of open-cast post-mining soil remains a big challenge. Here, the post-mining soils are considered from the viewpoints of CO<sub>2</sub> emission and carbon sequestration. We investigated the dynamic of C stock in two different post-mining areas, i.e., the limestone post-m...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9452 |
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| author | Aneta Kowalska Bal Ram Singh Anna Grobelak |
| author_facet | Aneta Kowalska Bal Ram Singh Anna Grobelak |
| author_sort | Aneta Kowalska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The remediation of open-cast post-mining soil remains a big challenge. Here, the post-mining soils are considered from the viewpoints of CO<sub>2</sub> emission and carbon sequestration. We investigated the dynamic of C stock in two different post-mining areas, i.e., the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment (S1), and the lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge (S2). Post-mining soils under four different remediation stages were used. The study was conducted in the spring of 2021 and 2022. The aim of the study was to assess the C sequestration in sewage sludge amended and non-amended post-mining soils at differently advanced remediation techniques. We noticed an increase in or stabilization of SOC in the S1. The stabilization of SOC was observed for the soil with a higher remediation age (S1C, S1D). The remediation of the S2 resulted in the increase in SOC among the soil remediation age. For both soils, we noticed a negative CO<sub>2</sub> emission from the soil under remediation, and the net CO<sub>2</sub> emission rate (NCER) further decreased after one year. A positive C feedback of both remediation techniques was shown to reflect lower active carbon (POXC). We also noticed an increase in nutrient content (K, Mg), and a decrease in heavy metals content after 1 year. Such a positive relationship between the remediation of post-mining soils and C sequestration indicates a step towards climate change mitigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:54:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-818e0336950d46f8a42347bca27a50f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:54:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-818e0336950d46f8a42347bca27a50f32023-11-24T14:37:05ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-12-011524945210.3390/en15249452Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under ReforestationAneta Kowalska0Bal Ram Singh1Anna Grobelak2Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Czestochowa, PolandFaculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, NorwayFaculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Czestochowa, PolandThe remediation of open-cast post-mining soil remains a big challenge. Here, the post-mining soils are considered from the viewpoints of CO<sub>2</sub> emission and carbon sequestration. We investigated the dynamic of C stock in two different post-mining areas, i.e., the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment (S1), and the lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge (S2). Post-mining soils under four different remediation stages were used. The study was conducted in the spring of 2021 and 2022. The aim of the study was to assess the C sequestration in sewage sludge amended and non-amended post-mining soils at differently advanced remediation techniques. We noticed an increase in or stabilization of SOC in the S1. The stabilization of SOC was observed for the soil with a higher remediation age (S1C, S1D). The remediation of the S2 resulted in the increase in SOC among the soil remediation age. For both soils, we noticed a negative CO<sub>2</sub> emission from the soil under remediation, and the net CO<sub>2</sub> emission rate (NCER) further decreased after one year. A positive C feedback of both remediation techniques was shown to reflect lower active carbon (POXC). We also noticed an increase in nutrient content (K, Mg), and a decrease in heavy metals content after 1 year. Such a positive relationship between the remediation of post-mining soils and C sequestration indicates a step towards climate change mitigation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9452reforestation of post-mining soilsnet CO<sub>2</sub> emissionsoil respirationSOCPOXCCO<sub>2</sub> release |
| spellingShingle | Aneta Kowalska Bal Ram Singh Anna Grobelak Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation Energies reforestation of post-mining soils net CO<sub>2</sub> emission soil respiration SOC POXC CO<sub>2</sub> release |
| title | Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation |
| title_full | Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation |
| title_fullStr | Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation |
| title_short | Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO<sub>2</sub> Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation |
| title_sort | carbon footprint for post mining soils the dynamic of net co sub 2 sub fluxes and soc sequestration at different soil remediation stages under reforestation |
| topic | reforestation of post-mining soils net CO<sub>2</sub> emission soil respiration SOC POXC CO<sub>2</sub> release |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/24/9452 |
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