Elaboration of Highly Modified Stainless Steel/Lead Dioxide Anodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Degradation of Ampicillin in Water
Lead dioxide-based electrodes have shown a great performance in the electrochemical treatment of organic wastewater. In the present study, modified PbO<sub>2</sub> anodes supported on stainless steel (SS) with a titanium oxide interlayer such as SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub&...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/1/5 |
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| author | Yasmine Ben Osman Samar Hajjar-Garreau Dominique Berling Hanene Akrout |
| author_facet | Yasmine Ben Osman Samar Hajjar-Garreau Dominique Berling Hanene Akrout |
| author_sort | Yasmine Ben Osman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lead dioxide-based electrodes have shown a great performance in the electrochemical treatment of organic wastewater. In the present study, modified PbO<sub>2</sub> anodes supported on stainless steel (SS) with a titanium oxide interlayer such as SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub> and SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub>-10% Boron (B) were prepared by the sol–gel spin-coating technique. The morphological and structural properties of the prepared electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub>-10% B anode led to a rougher active surface, larger specific surface area, and therefore stronger ability to generate powerful oxidizing agents. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed that the modified PbO<sub>2</sub> anodes displayed a lower charge transfer resistance R<sub>ct</sub>. The influence of the introduction of a TiO<sub>2</sub> intermediate layer and the boron doping of a PbO<sub>2</sub> active surface layer on the electrochemical degradation of ampicillin (AMP) antibiotic have been investigated by chemical oxygen demand measurements and HPLC analysis. Although HPLC analysis showed that the degradation process of AMP with SS/PbO<sub>2</sub> was slightly faster than the modified PbO<sub>2</sub> anodes, the results revealed that SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub>-10%B was the most efficient and economical anode toward the pollutant degradation due to its physico-chemical properties. At the end of the electrolysis, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the average current efficiency (ACE) and the energy consumption (EC) reached, respectively, 69.23%, 60.30% and 0.056 kWh (g COD)<sup>−1</sup>, making SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub>-10%B a promising anode for the degradation of ampicillin antibiotic in aqueous solutions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:15:59Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:15:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-81977a7ef33f4accacc971e5f3272f132023-12-01T00:31:58ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392022-12-01101510.3390/separations10010005Elaboration of Highly Modified Stainless Steel/Lead Dioxide Anodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Degradation of Ampicillin in WaterYasmine Ben Osman0Samar Hajjar-Garreau1Dominique Berling2Hanene Akrout3Laboratory of Wastewaters and Environment, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE) Technopark of Borj Cedria, PB 273, Soliman 8020, TunisiaCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100 Mulhouse, FranceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100 Mulhouse, FranceLaboratory of Wastewaters and Environment, Center of Water Researches and Technologies (CERTE) Technopark of Borj Cedria, PB 273, Soliman 8020, TunisiaLead dioxide-based electrodes have shown a great performance in the electrochemical treatment of organic wastewater. In the present study, modified PbO<sub>2</sub> anodes supported on stainless steel (SS) with a titanium oxide interlayer such as SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub> and SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub>-10% Boron (B) were prepared by the sol–gel spin-coating technique. The morphological and structural properties of the prepared electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub>-10% B anode led to a rougher active surface, larger specific surface area, and therefore stronger ability to generate powerful oxidizing agents. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed that the modified PbO<sub>2</sub> anodes displayed a lower charge transfer resistance R<sub>ct</sub>. The influence of the introduction of a TiO<sub>2</sub> intermediate layer and the boron doping of a PbO<sub>2</sub> active surface layer on the electrochemical degradation of ampicillin (AMP) antibiotic have been investigated by chemical oxygen demand measurements and HPLC analysis. Although HPLC analysis showed that the degradation process of AMP with SS/PbO<sub>2</sub> was slightly faster than the modified PbO<sub>2</sub> anodes, the results revealed that SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub>-10%B was the most efficient and economical anode toward the pollutant degradation due to its physico-chemical properties. At the end of the electrolysis, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the average current efficiency (ACE) and the energy consumption (EC) reached, respectively, 69.23%, 60.30% and 0.056 kWh (g COD)<sup>−1</sup>, making SS/TiO<sub>2</sub>/PbO<sub>2</sub>-10%B a promising anode for the degradation of ampicillin antibiotic in aqueous solutions.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/1/5lead dioxidetitanium dioxideboron dopinganodic oxidationampicillin removal |
| spellingShingle | Yasmine Ben Osman Samar Hajjar-Garreau Dominique Berling Hanene Akrout Elaboration of Highly Modified Stainless Steel/Lead Dioxide Anodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Degradation of Ampicillin in Water Separations lead dioxide titanium dioxide boron doping anodic oxidation ampicillin removal |
| title | Elaboration of Highly Modified Stainless Steel/Lead Dioxide Anodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Degradation of Ampicillin in Water |
| title_full | Elaboration of Highly Modified Stainless Steel/Lead Dioxide Anodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Degradation of Ampicillin in Water |
| title_fullStr | Elaboration of Highly Modified Stainless Steel/Lead Dioxide Anodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Degradation of Ampicillin in Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elaboration of Highly Modified Stainless Steel/Lead Dioxide Anodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Degradation of Ampicillin in Water |
| title_short | Elaboration of Highly Modified Stainless Steel/Lead Dioxide Anodes for Enhanced Electrochemical Degradation of Ampicillin in Water |
| title_sort | elaboration of highly modified stainless steel lead dioxide anodes for enhanced electrochemical degradation of ampicillin in water |
| topic | lead dioxide titanium dioxide boron doping anodic oxidation ampicillin removal |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/1/5 |
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