Influence of Technological Housing Conditions on the Concentration of Airborne Dust in Dairy Farms in the Summer: A Case Study
This research shows the size composition of airborne dust fractions in selected dairy barns down to the smallest particles, including factors that influence this composition. Measurements with a Dust-Track 8530 laser photometer took place in the summer at external temperatures of 29.5 to 36 °C. In b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/14/2322 |
| _version_ | 1827734246436896768 |
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| author | Pavel Kic |
| author_facet | Pavel Kic |
| author_sort | Pavel Kic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research shows the size composition of airborne dust fractions in selected dairy barns down to the smallest particles, including factors that influence this composition. Measurements with a Dust-Track 8530 laser photometer took place in the summer at external temperatures of 29.5 to 36 °C. In barns with straw bedding, the average total dust concentration TDC was 66.98 ± 28.38 μg·m<sup>−3</sup> (PM<sub>10</sub> 60.11 ± 19.93 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>4</sub> 49.48 ± 13.76 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> 44.78 ± 10.18 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, and PM<sub>1</sub> 38.43 ± 9.29 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>). In barns without straw bedding, the average TDC was 55.91 ± 36.6 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>10</sub> 33.71 ± 13.86 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>4</sub> 30.69 ± 15.29 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> 27.02 ± 13.38 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, and PM<sub>1</sub> 22.93 ± 10.48 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>. The largest TDC of 108.09 ± 32.93 μg·m<sup>−3</sup> (PM<sub>10</sub> 69.80 ± 18.70 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>4</sub> 68.20 ± 18.41 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> 53.27 ± 14.73 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, and PM<sub>1</sub> 38.46 ± 5.55 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>) was measured in an old cowshed with stanchion housing for 113 cows, straw bedding, and ventilation through windows. In a modern cowshed for loose housing of 440 lactating cows without straw bedding, with natural ventilation and 24 axial fans, TDC was 53.62 ± 49.52 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>10</sub> 20.91 ± 5.24 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>4</sub> 17.11 ± 3.23 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> 13.71 ± 0.92 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, and PM<sub>1</sub> 12.69 ± 2.82 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>. In all investigated barns, a large proportion of airborne dust particles (54.38 ± 20.82% of TDC) consists of the smallest PM<sub>1</sub> dust particles (from 12.69 ± 2.82 μg·m<sup>−3</sup> to 48.48 ± 1.18 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:22:37Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:22:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-8198553b59914bbbbc98687348d3c0482023-11-18T18:00:44ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-07-011314232210.3390/ani13142322Influence of Technological Housing Conditions on the Concentration of Airborne Dust in Dairy Farms in the Summer: A Case StudyPavel Kic0Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16521 Prague, Czech RepublicThis research shows the size composition of airborne dust fractions in selected dairy barns down to the smallest particles, including factors that influence this composition. Measurements with a Dust-Track 8530 laser photometer took place in the summer at external temperatures of 29.5 to 36 °C. In barns with straw bedding, the average total dust concentration TDC was 66.98 ± 28.38 μg·m<sup>−3</sup> (PM<sub>10</sub> 60.11 ± 19.93 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>4</sub> 49.48 ± 13.76 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> 44.78 ± 10.18 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, and PM<sub>1</sub> 38.43 ± 9.29 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>). In barns without straw bedding, the average TDC was 55.91 ± 36.6 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>10</sub> 33.71 ± 13.86 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>4</sub> 30.69 ± 15.29 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> 27.02 ± 13.38 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, and PM<sub>1</sub> 22.93 ± 10.48 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>. The largest TDC of 108.09 ± 32.93 μg·m<sup>−3</sup> (PM<sub>10</sub> 69.80 ± 18.70 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>4</sub> 68.20 ± 18.41 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> 53.27 ± 14.73 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, and PM<sub>1</sub> 38.46 ± 5.55 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>) was measured in an old cowshed with stanchion housing for 113 cows, straw bedding, and ventilation through windows. In a modern cowshed for loose housing of 440 lactating cows without straw bedding, with natural ventilation and 24 axial fans, TDC was 53.62 ± 49.52 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>10</sub> 20.91 ± 5.24 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>4</sub> 17.11 ± 3.23 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> 13.71 ± 0.92 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>, and PM<sub>1</sub> 12.69 ± 2.82 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>. In all investigated barns, a large proportion of airborne dust particles (54.38 ± 20.82% of TDC) consists of the smallest PM<sub>1</sub> dust particles (from 12.69 ± 2.82 μg·m<sup>−3</sup> to 48.48 ± 1.18 μg·m<sup>−3</sup>).https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/14/2322cattledairy cowscalfDust-TrackPM fractionsconstructions |
| spellingShingle | Pavel Kic Influence of Technological Housing Conditions on the Concentration of Airborne Dust in Dairy Farms in the Summer: A Case Study Animals cattle dairy cows calf Dust-Track PM fractions constructions |
| title | Influence of Technological Housing Conditions on the Concentration of Airborne Dust in Dairy Farms in the Summer: A Case Study |
| title_full | Influence of Technological Housing Conditions on the Concentration of Airborne Dust in Dairy Farms in the Summer: A Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Technological Housing Conditions on the Concentration of Airborne Dust in Dairy Farms in the Summer: A Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Technological Housing Conditions on the Concentration of Airborne Dust in Dairy Farms in the Summer: A Case Study |
| title_short | Influence of Technological Housing Conditions on the Concentration of Airborne Dust in Dairy Farms in the Summer: A Case Study |
| title_sort | influence of technological housing conditions on the concentration of airborne dust in dairy farms in the summer a case study |
| topic | cattle dairy cows calf Dust-Track PM fractions constructions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/14/2322 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pavelkic influenceoftechnologicalhousingconditionsontheconcentrationofairbornedustindairyfarmsinthesummeracasestudy |