| Summary: | (1) Background: Bangor Sewa sheep are an economically significant livestock species on the plateau. The roles of microbiota in reproduction are complex and critical for animal health. But little is known currently about the microbiome of plateau Bangor Sewa sheep. The purpose of this study was to discover the changes in the genital tract microbiota of pre- and post-partum Bangor Sewa sheep. (2) Methods: Samples from the birth canal were obtained for 16S rRNA sequencing, three days before and after delivery, respectively. (3) Results: The results showed that there was a noticeable difference in three phyla and 74 genera between the pre- and post-parturition groups in the microbiota of Bangor Sewa sheep. The changes included a decrease in the abundance of genera related to health (unclassified_<i>Cellulomonadaceae</i>, <i>Cellulomonas</i>, <i>Fibrobacti</i>, <i>Flavobacterium</i>, <i>Eubacterium_ventriosum</i>_group, <i>Acetitomaculum</i>, <i>Aeromicrobium</i>, <i>Dietzia</i>, <i>Romboutsia</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i>, etc.) and an increased abundance of negatively related genera (<i>Nocardioides</i>, unclassified_<i>Clostridia</i>, <i>Sphingobacteriaceae</i>, unclassified_<i>Ruminococcaceae</i>, <i>Prevotellaceae</i>_UCG_004, <i>Micromonospora</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Facklamia</i>, <i>Bosea</i>, etc.) spp. (4) Conclusions: Microbes can serve as indicators of the physical state of Bangor Sewa sheep. These findings laid the foundation for deciphering the effects of microbial changes during birth on the reproductive health of plateau Bangor Sewa sheep.
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