Efficiency of Feed Utilization, Ruminal Traits, and Blood Parameters of Goats Given a Total Mixed Diet Ration Containing Extracted Oil Palm Meal
This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion levels of extracted oil palm meal (EOPM) from biodiesel byproducts in the total mixed ration (TMR) for goats on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood parameters, and rumen fermentation characteristics. The EOPM was included at 0%, 10%...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/11/612 |
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| author | Pin Chanjula Sarong So Chanon Suntara Rittikeard Prachumchai Anusorn Cherdthong |
| author_facet | Pin Chanjula Sarong So Chanon Suntara Rittikeard Prachumchai Anusorn Cherdthong |
| author_sort | Pin Chanjula |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion levels of extracted oil palm meal (EOPM) from biodiesel byproducts in the total mixed ration (TMR) for goats on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood parameters, and rumen fermentation characteristics. The EOPM was included at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% dry matter (DM) to formulate into four dietary treatments and assigned to goats with an average age of 12 months and an initial body weight of 23 ± 0.5 kg in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The PROC MIXED procedure was used to analyze all data, and the orthogonal polynomial was tested for EOPM levels using the SAS program. The DM intake, nitrogen, and metabolizable energy linearly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased when there was increased EOPM inclusion. Increasing EOPM inclusions resulted in (<i>p</i> < 0.05) a linear increase in fiber digestibility but did not affect DM, crude protein, or ether extract. Total volatile fatty acids increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) linearly with increasing EOPM inclusions. The EOPM inclusions did not alter the bacteria, fungi, and protozoal populations. Blood parameters were not affected by the inclusions of EOPM except globulin, triglyceride, and MCV concentration. This study revealed that EOPM could be included in up to 20% DM in TMR for goats with no negative impact. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:34:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81b3fd527e024420a72e67a7ede3d2b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:34:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-81b3fd527e024420a72e67a7ede3d2b02023-11-24T07:15:00ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812022-11-0191161210.3390/vetsci9110612Efficiency of Feed Utilization, Ruminal Traits, and Blood Parameters of Goats Given a Total Mixed Diet Ration Containing Extracted Oil Palm MealPin Chanjula0Sarong So1Chanon Suntara2Rittikeard Prachumchai3Anusorn Cherdthong4Animal Production Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Hat Yai Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, ThailandDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Processing, National University of Battambang, Battambang 02352, CambodiaTropical Feed Resource Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandTropical Feed Resource Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandTropical Feed Resource Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandThis study aimed to evaluate the inclusion levels of extracted oil palm meal (EOPM) from biodiesel byproducts in the total mixed ration (TMR) for goats on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood parameters, and rumen fermentation characteristics. The EOPM was included at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% dry matter (DM) to formulate into four dietary treatments and assigned to goats with an average age of 12 months and an initial body weight of 23 ± 0.5 kg in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The PROC MIXED procedure was used to analyze all data, and the orthogonal polynomial was tested for EOPM levels using the SAS program. The DM intake, nitrogen, and metabolizable energy linearly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased when there was increased EOPM inclusion. Increasing EOPM inclusions resulted in (<i>p</i> < 0.05) a linear increase in fiber digestibility but did not affect DM, crude protein, or ether extract. Total volatile fatty acids increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) linearly with increasing EOPM inclusions. The EOPM inclusions did not alter the bacteria, fungi, and protozoal populations. Blood parameters were not affected by the inclusions of EOPM except globulin, triglyceride, and MCV concentration. This study revealed that EOPM could be included in up to 20% DM in TMR for goats with no negative impact.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/11/612low-fat oil palm mealdigestibilityglobulintriglyceridevolatile fatty acid |
| spellingShingle | Pin Chanjula Sarong So Chanon Suntara Rittikeard Prachumchai Anusorn Cherdthong Efficiency of Feed Utilization, Ruminal Traits, and Blood Parameters of Goats Given a Total Mixed Diet Ration Containing Extracted Oil Palm Meal Veterinary Sciences low-fat oil palm meal digestibility globulin triglyceride volatile fatty acid |
| title | Efficiency of Feed Utilization, Ruminal Traits, and Blood Parameters of Goats Given a Total Mixed Diet Ration Containing Extracted Oil Palm Meal |
| title_full | Efficiency of Feed Utilization, Ruminal Traits, and Blood Parameters of Goats Given a Total Mixed Diet Ration Containing Extracted Oil Palm Meal |
| title_fullStr | Efficiency of Feed Utilization, Ruminal Traits, and Blood Parameters of Goats Given a Total Mixed Diet Ration Containing Extracted Oil Palm Meal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficiency of Feed Utilization, Ruminal Traits, and Blood Parameters of Goats Given a Total Mixed Diet Ration Containing Extracted Oil Palm Meal |
| title_short | Efficiency of Feed Utilization, Ruminal Traits, and Blood Parameters of Goats Given a Total Mixed Diet Ration Containing Extracted Oil Palm Meal |
| title_sort | efficiency of feed utilization ruminal traits and blood parameters of goats given a total mixed diet ration containing extracted oil palm meal |
| topic | low-fat oil palm meal digestibility globulin triglyceride volatile fatty acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/11/612 |
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