Effects of Waste Cement on the Extractability of Cd, Soil Enzyme Activities, Cadmium Accumulation, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content in Lettuce
Waste cement, a common by-product of urban construction, is often wasted in huge quantities and is worthless. However, some studies have confirmed that waste cement can be used as an alternative heavy metal immobilizing agent. Waste cements, derived from hydrated cement mortar products, were evaluat...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8254 |
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| author | Xiuming Ding Yuejun Wu Junfeng Wang |
| author_facet | Xiuming Ding Yuejun Wu Junfeng Wang |
| author_sort | Xiuming Ding |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Waste cement, a common by-product of urban construction, is often wasted in huge quantities and is worthless. However, some studies have confirmed that waste cement can be used as an alternative heavy metal immobilizing agent. Waste cements, derived from hydrated cement mortar products, were evaluated for soil Cd bioavailability by DTPA extraction and for their efficacy in ameliorating the toxicity of cadmium to soil enzymes and plant antioxidant enzymes. Soil incubation and pot experiments were conducted on three types of waste cement (OPC (ordinary Portland cement), FAC (fly ash cement) and ZEC (zeolite cement)) with an application rate of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The addition of OPC, FAC, and ZEC significantly increased the pH and cation exchange capacity of the soil (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The concentration of DTPA-extractable Cd significantly reduced with a consequential decrease in Cd uptake and transport in lettuce. OPC, FAC, and ZEC application significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) enhanced FDA hydrolysis and soil urease activity, except for catalase activity. OPC, FAC, and ZEC, when applied to soil, enhanced the total dry biomass (shoots and roots). Furthermore, the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined in lettuce treated with OPC, FAC, and ZEC. With the addition OPC, FAC, and ZEC, the content of MDA in lettuce leaves displayed a remarkable decrease. In conclusion, the waste cements effectively reduced Cd bioavailability and enhanced the antioxidant system of lettuce. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:20:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81ba4ef58f0d4aefa0502788cb1e7e2a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:20:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-81ba4ef58f0d4aefa0502788cb1e7e2a2023-11-18T18:10:28ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-07-011314825410.3390/app13148254Effects of Waste Cement on the Extractability of Cd, Soil Enzyme Activities, Cadmium Accumulation, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content in LettuceXiuming Ding0Yuejun Wu1Junfeng Wang2College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, ChinaCollege of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaCollege of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, ChinaWaste cement, a common by-product of urban construction, is often wasted in huge quantities and is worthless. However, some studies have confirmed that waste cement can be used as an alternative heavy metal immobilizing agent. Waste cements, derived from hydrated cement mortar products, were evaluated for soil Cd bioavailability by DTPA extraction and for their efficacy in ameliorating the toxicity of cadmium to soil enzymes and plant antioxidant enzymes. Soil incubation and pot experiments were conducted on three types of waste cement (OPC (ordinary Portland cement), FAC (fly ash cement) and ZEC (zeolite cement)) with an application rate of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The addition of OPC, FAC, and ZEC significantly increased the pH and cation exchange capacity of the soil (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The concentration of DTPA-extractable Cd significantly reduced with a consequential decrease in Cd uptake and transport in lettuce. OPC, FAC, and ZEC application significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) enhanced FDA hydrolysis and soil urease activity, except for catalase activity. OPC, FAC, and ZEC, when applied to soil, enhanced the total dry biomass (shoots and roots). Furthermore, the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined in lettuce treated with OPC, FAC, and ZEC. With the addition OPC, FAC, and ZEC, the content of MDA in lettuce leaves displayed a remarkable decrease. In conclusion, the waste cements effectively reduced Cd bioavailability and enhanced the antioxidant system of lettuce.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8254waste cementsoil enzymescadmiumantioxidant activities |
| spellingShingle | Xiuming Ding Yuejun Wu Junfeng Wang Effects of Waste Cement on the Extractability of Cd, Soil Enzyme Activities, Cadmium Accumulation, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content in Lettuce Applied Sciences waste cement soil enzymes cadmium antioxidant activities |
| title | Effects of Waste Cement on the Extractability of Cd, Soil Enzyme Activities, Cadmium Accumulation, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content in Lettuce |
| title_full | Effects of Waste Cement on the Extractability of Cd, Soil Enzyme Activities, Cadmium Accumulation, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content in Lettuce |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Waste Cement on the Extractability of Cd, Soil Enzyme Activities, Cadmium Accumulation, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content in Lettuce |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Waste Cement on the Extractability of Cd, Soil Enzyme Activities, Cadmium Accumulation, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content in Lettuce |
| title_short | Effects of Waste Cement on the Extractability of Cd, Soil Enzyme Activities, Cadmium Accumulation, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content in Lettuce |
| title_sort | effects of waste cement on the extractability of cd soil enzyme activities cadmium accumulation activities of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde mda content in lettuce |
| topic | waste cement soil enzymes cadmium antioxidant activities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/14/8254 |
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