The burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Punjab, India: A population-based serosurvey.
INTRODUCTION:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence is believed to be elevated in Punjab, India; however, state-wide prevalence data are not available. An understanding of HCV prevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution can be used to plan control measures in Punjab. METHODS:A cross-sec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2018-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6061991?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818925455433007104 |
|---|---|
| author | Ajit Sood A Suryaprasad A Trickey S Kanchi V Midha M A Foster E Bennett S Kamili F Alvarez-Bognar S Shadaker V Surlikar R Garg P Mittal S Sharma M T May P Vickerman F Averhoff |
| author_facet | Ajit Sood A Suryaprasad A Trickey S Kanchi V Midha M A Foster E Bennett S Kamili F Alvarez-Bognar S Shadaker V Surlikar R Garg P Mittal S Sharma M T May P Vickerman F Averhoff |
| author_sort | Ajit Sood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | INTRODUCTION:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence is believed to be elevated in Punjab, India; however, state-wide prevalence data are not available. An understanding of HCV prevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution can be used to plan control measures in Punjab. METHODS:A cross-sectional, state-wide, population-based serosurvey using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design was conducted October 2013 to April 2014. Children aged ≥5 years and adults were eligible to participate. Demographic and risk behavior data were collected, and serologic specimens were obtained and tested for anti-HCV antibody, HCV Ribonucleic acid (RNA) on anti-HCV positive samples, and HCV genotype. Prevalence estimates and adjusted odds ratios for risk factors were calculated from weighted data and stratified by urban/rural residence. RESULTS:5,543 individuals participated in the study with an overall weighted anti-HCV prevalence of 3.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.0%-4.2%) and chronic infection (HCV Ribonucleic acid test positive) of 2.6% (95% CI: 2.0%-3.1%). Anti-HCV was associated with being male (adjusted odds ratio 1.52; 95% CI: 1.08-2.14), living in a rural area (adjusted odds ratio 2.53; 95% CI: 1.62-3.95) and was most strongly associated with those aged 40-49 (adjusted odds ratio 40-49 vs. 19-29-year-olds 3.41; 95% CI: 1.90-6.11). Anti-HCV prevalence increased with each blood transfusion received (adjusted odds ratio 1.36; 95% CI: 1.10-1.68) and decreased with increasing education, (adjusted odds ratio 0.37 for graduate-level vs. primary school/no education; 95% CI: 0.16-0.82). Genotype 3 (58%) was most common among infected individuals. DISCUSSION:The study findings, including the overall prevalence of chronic HCV infection, associated risk factors and demographic characteristics, and genotype distribution can guide prevention and control efforts, including treatment provision. In addition to high-risk populations, efforts targeting rural areas and adults aged ≥40 would be the most effective for identifying infected individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:41:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81ba821ffeab424caf27d4b1bb462a2c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:41:30Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-81ba821ffeab424caf27d4b1bb462a2c2022-12-21T19:56:17ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032018-01-01137e020046110.1371/journal.pone.0200461The burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Punjab, India: A population-based serosurvey.Ajit SoodA SuryaprasadA TrickeyS KanchiV MidhaM A FosterE BennettS KamiliF Alvarez-BognarS ShadakerV SurlikarR GargP MittalS SharmaM T MayP VickermanF AverhoffINTRODUCTION:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence is believed to be elevated in Punjab, India; however, state-wide prevalence data are not available. An understanding of HCV prevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution can be used to plan control measures in Punjab. METHODS:A cross-sectional, state-wide, population-based serosurvey using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design was conducted October 2013 to April 2014. Children aged ≥5 years and adults were eligible to participate. Demographic and risk behavior data were collected, and serologic specimens were obtained and tested for anti-HCV antibody, HCV Ribonucleic acid (RNA) on anti-HCV positive samples, and HCV genotype. Prevalence estimates and adjusted odds ratios for risk factors were calculated from weighted data and stratified by urban/rural residence. RESULTS:5,543 individuals participated in the study with an overall weighted anti-HCV prevalence of 3.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.0%-4.2%) and chronic infection (HCV Ribonucleic acid test positive) of 2.6% (95% CI: 2.0%-3.1%). Anti-HCV was associated with being male (adjusted odds ratio 1.52; 95% CI: 1.08-2.14), living in a rural area (adjusted odds ratio 2.53; 95% CI: 1.62-3.95) and was most strongly associated with those aged 40-49 (adjusted odds ratio 40-49 vs. 19-29-year-olds 3.41; 95% CI: 1.90-6.11). Anti-HCV prevalence increased with each blood transfusion received (adjusted odds ratio 1.36; 95% CI: 1.10-1.68) and decreased with increasing education, (adjusted odds ratio 0.37 for graduate-level vs. primary school/no education; 95% CI: 0.16-0.82). Genotype 3 (58%) was most common among infected individuals. DISCUSSION:The study findings, including the overall prevalence of chronic HCV infection, associated risk factors and demographic characteristics, and genotype distribution can guide prevention and control efforts, including treatment provision. In addition to high-risk populations, efforts targeting rural areas and adults aged ≥40 would be the most effective for identifying infected individuals.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6061991?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Ajit Sood A Suryaprasad A Trickey S Kanchi V Midha M A Foster E Bennett S Kamili F Alvarez-Bognar S Shadaker V Surlikar R Garg P Mittal S Sharma M T May P Vickerman F Averhoff The burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Punjab, India: A population-based serosurvey. PLoS ONE |
| title | The burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Punjab, India: A population-based serosurvey. |
| title_full | The burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Punjab, India: A population-based serosurvey. |
| title_fullStr | The burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Punjab, India: A population-based serosurvey. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Punjab, India: A population-based serosurvey. |
| title_short | The burden of hepatitis C virus infection in Punjab, India: A population-based serosurvey. |
| title_sort | burden of hepatitis c virus infection in punjab india a population based serosurvey |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6061991?pdf=render |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ajitsood theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT asuryaprasad theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT atrickey theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT skanchi theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT vmidha theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT mafoster theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT ebennett theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT skamili theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT falvarezbognar theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT sshadaker theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT vsurlikar theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT rgarg theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT pmittal theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT ssharma theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT mtmay theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT pvickerman theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT faverhoff theburdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT ajitsood burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT asuryaprasad burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT atrickey burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT skanchi burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT vmidha burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT mafoster burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT ebennett burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT skamili burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT falvarezbognar burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT sshadaker burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT vsurlikar burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT rgarg burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT pmittal burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT ssharma burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT mtmay burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT pvickerman burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey AT faverhoff burdenofhepatitiscvirusinfectioninpunjabindiaapopulationbasedserosurvey |