Gamma Attenuation Features of White Cement Mortars Reinforced by Micro/Nano Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Particles
This study aims to explore the radiation protection properties of white mortars based on white cement as a binder and Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> micro and nanoparticles in proportions of 15 and 30% by weight as replacement sand. The average particle size of micro- and nano-B...
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2023-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/4/1580 |
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| author | Mona M. Gouda Ahmed M. El-Khatib Mahmoud I. Abbas Shoaa Mofleh Al-Balawi Mahmoud T. Alabsy |
| author_facet | Mona M. Gouda Ahmed M. El-Khatib Mahmoud I. Abbas Shoaa Mofleh Al-Balawi Mahmoud T. Alabsy |
| author_sort | Mona M. Gouda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims to explore the radiation protection properties of white mortars based on white cement as a binder and Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> micro and nanoparticles in proportions of 15 and 30% by weight as replacement sand. The average particle size of micro- and nano-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The cross-sectional morphology and distribution of Bi<sub>2</sub>O3 within the samples can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing that nanoscale Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles have a more homogeneous distribution within the samples than microscale Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles. The shielding parameters of the proposed mortars were measured using the HPGe detector at various γ-ray energies emitted by standard radioactive point sources <sup>241</sup>Am, <sup>133</sup>Ba, <sup>60</sup>Co, <sup>137</sup>Cs, and <sup>152</sup>Eu. The experimental values of the prepared mortars’ mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) match well with those determined theoretically from the XCOM database. Other shielding parameters, including half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective electron density (N<sub>eff</sub>), effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>), equivalent atomic number (Z<sub>eq</sub>), and exposure buildup factor (EBF), were also determined at different photon energies to provide more shielding information about the penetration of gamma radiation into the selected mortars. The obtained results indicated that the sample containing 30% by weight of nano Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has the largest attenuation coefficient value. Furthermore, the results show that the sample with a high concentration of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has the highest equivalent atomic numbers and the lowest HVL, TVL, MFP, and EBF values. Finally, it can be concluded that Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles have higher efficiency and protection compared to microparticles, especially at lower gamma-ray energies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:29:30Z |
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| id | doaj.art-81bf154934f64b4a9c62b21e61ad412c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:29:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-81bf154934f64b4a9c62b21e61ad412c2023-11-16T21:51:43ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-02-01164158010.3390/ma16041580Gamma Attenuation Features of White Cement Mortars Reinforced by Micro/Nano Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ParticlesMona M. Gouda0Ahmed M. El-Khatib1Mahmoud I. Abbas2Shoaa Mofleh Al-Balawi3Mahmoud T. Alabsy4Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, EgyptPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, EgyptPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, EgyptPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, EgyptPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, EgyptThis study aims to explore the radiation protection properties of white mortars based on white cement as a binder and Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> micro and nanoparticles in proportions of 15 and 30% by weight as replacement sand. The average particle size of micro- and nano-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The cross-sectional morphology and distribution of Bi<sub>2</sub>O3 within the samples can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing that nanoscale Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles have a more homogeneous distribution within the samples than microscale Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> particles. The shielding parameters of the proposed mortars were measured using the HPGe detector at various γ-ray energies emitted by standard radioactive point sources <sup>241</sup>Am, <sup>133</sup>Ba, <sup>60</sup>Co, <sup>137</sup>Cs, and <sup>152</sup>Eu. The experimental values of the prepared mortars’ mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) match well with those determined theoretically from the XCOM database. Other shielding parameters, including half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective electron density (N<sub>eff</sub>), effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>), equivalent atomic number (Z<sub>eq</sub>), and exposure buildup factor (EBF), were also determined at different photon energies to provide more shielding information about the penetration of gamma radiation into the selected mortars. The obtained results indicated that the sample containing 30% by weight of nano Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has the largest attenuation coefficient value. Furthermore, the results show that the sample with a high concentration of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has the highest equivalent atomic numbers and the lowest HVL, TVL, MFP, and EBF values. Finally, it can be concluded that Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles have higher efficiency and protection compared to microparticles, especially at lower gamma-ray energies.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/4/1580white cementbismuth oxideattenuation coefficientshalf value layereffective atomic numberexposure buildup factor |
| spellingShingle | Mona M. Gouda Ahmed M. El-Khatib Mahmoud I. Abbas Shoaa Mofleh Al-Balawi Mahmoud T. Alabsy Gamma Attenuation Features of White Cement Mortars Reinforced by Micro/Nano Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Particles Materials white cement bismuth oxide attenuation coefficients half value layer effective atomic number exposure buildup factor |
| title | Gamma Attenuation Features of White Cement Mortars Reinforced by Micro/Nano Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Particles |
| title_full | Gamma Attenuation Features of White Cement Mortars Reinforced by Micro/Nano Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Particles |
| title_fullStr | Gamma Attenuation Features of White Cement Mortars Reinforced by Micro/Nano Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Particles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gamma Attenuation Features of White Cement Mortars Reinforced by Micro/Nano Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Particles |
| title_short | Gamma Attenuation Features of White Cement Mortars Reinforced by Micro/Nano Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Particles |
| title_sort | gamma attenuation features of white cement mortars reinforced by micro nano bi sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub particles |
| topic | white cement bismuth oxide attenuation coefficients half value layer effective atomic number exposure buildup factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/4/1580 |
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