Is <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection Associated with Sexual Promiscuity? A Cross-Sectional Study
We determined the association between <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity and a history of sexual promiscuity. The study included 3933 people (mean age: 41.81 ± 14.31 years) who attended public health facilities. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Enzyme immunoassays were use...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1393 |
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| author | Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel Sergio Estrada-Martínez Agar Ramos-Nevárez Alma Rosa Pérez-Álamos Isabel Beristain-Garcia Ángel Osvaldo Alvarado-Félix Sandra Margarita Cerrillo-Soto Gustavo Alexis Alvarado-Félix Carlos Alberto Guido-Arreola Leandro Sáenz-Soto Antonio Sifuentes-Álvarez |
| author_facet | Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel Sergio Estrada-Martínez Agar Ramos-Nevárez Alma Rosa Pérez-Álamos Isabel Beristain-Garcia Ángel Osvaldo Alvarado-Félix Sandra Margarita Cerrillo-Soto Gustavo Alexis Alvarado-Félix Carlos Alberto Guido-Arreola Leandro Sáenz-Soto Antonio Sifuentes-Álvarez |
| author_sort | Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We determined the association between <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity and a history of sexual promiscuity. The study included 3933 people (mean age: 41.81 ± 14.31 years) who attended public health facilities. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Enzyme immunoassays were used to determine anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG and IgM antibodies. Anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibodies were found in 57 (18.1%) of 315 individuals with sexual promiscuity and in 374 (10.3%) of 3618 individuals without this practice (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.41–2.60; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). High (>150 IU/mL) levels of anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibodies were found in 29 (9.2%) of the 315 participants with sexual promiscuity and in 167 (4.6%) of the 3618 participants without this history (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.38–3.16; <i>p</i> = 0.0003). The association of sexual promiscuity with <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity and serointensity was observed in men but not in women. Sexual promiscuity was associated with <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity in all age groups studied (≤30 years, 31–50 years, and >50 years) and with <i>T. gondii</i> serointensity in two age groups (≤30 years, and >50 years). No difference in the frequencies of anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgM antibodies among the groups was found. Our findings indicate that <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity and serointensity are associated with sexual promiscuity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:10:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81c71971b93d4663898829cf081cef3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:10:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-81c71971b93d4663898829cf081cef3e2023-11-23T00:52:38ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-10-011011139310.3390/pathogens10111393Is <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection Associated with Sexual Promiscuity? A Cross-Sectional StudyCosme Alvarado-Esquivel0Sergio Estrada-Martínez1Agar Ramos-Nevárez2Alma Rosa Pérez-Álamos3Isabel Beristain-Garcia4Ángel Osvaldo Alvarado-Félix5Sandra Margarita Cerrillo-Soto6Gustavo Alexis Alvarado-Félix7Carlos Alberto Guido-Arreola8Leandro Sáenz-Soto9Antonio Sifuentes-Álvarez10Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, MexicoInstitute for Scientific Research “Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm”, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, MexicoClínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Durango 34079, MexicoInstitute for Scientific Research “Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm”, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, MexicoFacultad de Enfermería y Obstetricia, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, MexicoBiomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, MexicoClínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Durango 34079, MexicoBiomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, MexicoClínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Durango 34079, MexicoClínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Durango 34079, MexicoBiomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango 34000, MexicoWe determined the association between <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity and a history of sexual promiscuity. The study included 3933 people (mean age: 41.81 ± 14.31 years) who attended public health facilities. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Enzyme immunoassays were used to determine anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG and IgM antibodies. Anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibodies were found in 57 (18.1%) of 315 individuals with sexual promiscuity and in 374 (10.3%) of 3618 individuals without this practice (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.41–2.60; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). High (>150 IU/mL) levels of anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgG antibodies were found in 29 (9.2%) of the 315 participants with sexual promiscuity and in 167 (4.6%) of the 3618 participants without this history (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.38–3.16; <i>p</i> = 0.0003). The association of sexual promiscuity with <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity and serointensity was observed in men but not in women. Sexual promiscuity was associated with <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity in all age groups studied (≤30 years, 31–50 years, and >50 years) and with <i>T. gondii</i> serointensity in two age groups (≤30 years, and >50 years). No difference in the frequencies of anti-<i>T. gondii</i> IgM antibodies among the groups was found. Our findings indicate that <i>T. gondii</i> seropositivity and serointensity are associated with sexual promiscuity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1393<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>sexual promiscuitycross-sectional studyseroprevalencebehaviorepidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel Sergio Estrada-Martínez Agar Ramos-Nevárez Alma Rosa Pérez-Álamos Isabel Beristain-Garcia Ángel Osvaldo Alvarado-Félix Sandra Margarita Cerrillo-Soto Gustavo Alexis Alvarado-Félix Carlos Alberto Guido-Arreola Leandro Sáenz-Soto Antonio Sifuentes-Álvarez Is <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection Associated with Sexual Promiscuity? A Cross-Sectional Study Pathogens <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> sexual promiscuity cross-sectional study seroprevalence behavior epidemiology |
| title | Is <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection Associated with Sexual Promiscuity? A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Is <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection Associated with Sexual Promiscuity? A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Is <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection Associated with Sexual Promiscuity? A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Is <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection Associated with Sexual Promiscuity? A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Is <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection Associated with Sexual Promiscuity? A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | is i toxoplasma gondii i infection associated with sexual promiscuity a cross sectional study |
| topic | <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> sexual promiscuity cross-sectional study seroprevalence behavior epidemiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/11/1393 |
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