Closing the Loop on LIB Waste: A Comparison of the Current Challenges and Opportunities for the U.S. and Australia towards a Sustainable Energy Future

Closing the Loop on LIB Waste: A Comparison of the Current Challenges and Opportunities for the U.S. and Australia towards a Sustainable Energy Future

Many countries have started their transition to a net-zero economy. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play an ever-increasing role towards this transition as a rechargeable energy storage medium. Initially, LIBs were developed for consumer electronics and portable devices but have seen dramatic growth in...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gavin E. Collis, Qiang Dai, Joanne S. C. Loh, Albert Lipson, Linda Gaines, Yanyan Zhao, Jeffrey Spangenberger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-10-01
Series:Recycling
Subjects:
battery value chain
lithium-ion battery recycling
black mass
critical materials
sustainability
circular economy
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/8/5/78

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