Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family <i>Flaviviridae</i>, is one of the most important tick-transmitted viruses in Europe and Asia. Being a neurotropic virus, TBEV causes infection of the central nervous system, leading to various (permanent) neurological disorder...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/451 |
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| author | Mareike Kubinski Jana Beicht Thomas Gerlach Asisa Volz Gerd Sutter Guus F. Rimmelzwaan |
| author_facet | Mareike Kubinski Jana Beicht Thomas Gerlach Asisa Volz Gerd Sutter Guus F. Rimmelzwaan |
| author_sort | Mareike Kubinski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family <i>Flaviviridae</i>, is one of the most important tick-transmitted viruses in Europe and Asia. Being a neurotropic virus, TBEV causes infection of the central nervous system, leading to various (permanent) neurological disorders summarized as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). The incidence of TBE cases has increased due to the expansion of TBEV and its vectors. Since antiviral treatment is lacking, vaccination against TBEV is the most important protective measure. However, vaccination coverage is relatively low and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines is limited, which may account for the vaccine failures that are observed. Understanding the TBEV-specific correlates of protection is of pivotal importance for developing novel and improved TBEV vaccines. For affording robust protection against infection and development of TBE, vaccines should induce both humoral and cellular immunity. In this review, the adaptive immunity induced upon TBEV infection and vaccination as well as novel approaches to produce improved TBEV vaccines are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:33:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81ce398b7a784dd5ae9c4ede7d779c95 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:33:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-81ce398b7a784dd5ae9c4ede7d779c952023-11-20T09:56:02ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2020-08-018345110.3390/vaccines8030451Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the RiseMareike Kubinski0Jana Beicht1Thomas Gerlach2Asisa Volz3Gerd Sutter4Guus F. Rimmelzwaan5Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, GermanyInstitute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Veterinaerstr. 13, 80539 Munich, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation (TiHo), Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, GermanyTick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family <i>Flaviviridae</i>, is one of the most important tick-transmitted viruses in Europe and Asia. Being a neurotropic virus, TBEV causes infection of the central nervous system, leading to various (permanent) neurological disorders summarized as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). The incidence of TBE cases has increased due to the expansion of TBEV and its vectors. Since antiviral treatment is lacking, vaccination against TBEV is the most important protective measure. However, vaccination coverage is relatively low and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines is limited, which may account for the vaccine failures that are observed. Understanding the TBEV-specific correlates of protection is of pivotal importance for developing novel and improved TBEV vaccines. For affording robust protection against infection and development of TBE, vaccines should induce both humoral and cellular immunity. In this review, the adaptive immunity induced upon TBEV infection and vaccination as well as novel approaches to produce improved TBEV vaccines are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/451tick-borne encephalitis virusTBEVflavivirusvaccinationvaccineimmunity |
| spellingShingle | Mareike Kubinski Jana Beicht Thomas Gerlach Asisa Volz Gerd Sutter Guus F. Rimmelzwaan Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise Vaccines tick-borne encephalitis virus TBEV flavivirus vaccination vaccine immunity |
| title | Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise |
| title_full | Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise |
| title_fullStr | Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise |
| title_short | Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise |
| title_sort | tick borne encephalitis virus a quest for better vaccines against a virus on the rise |
| topic | tick-borne encephalitis virus TBEV flavivirus vaccination vaccine immunity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/451 |
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