Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London
We estimated the particle number distributions (PNDs), particle number concentrations (PNCs), physicochemical characteristics, meteorological effects, and respiratory deposition doses (RDD) in the human respiratory tract for three different particle modes: nucleation (N<sub>6–30</sub>),...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/1/45 |
| _version_ | 1797344694056779776 |
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| author | Gopinath Kalaiarasan Prashant Kumar Mamatha Tomson Juan C. Zavala-Reyes Alexandra E. Porter Gloria Young Mark A. Sephton Hisham Abubakar-Waziri Christopher C. Pain Ian M. Adcock Sharon Mumby Claire Dilliway Fangxing Fang Rossella Arcucci Kian Fan Chung |
| author_facet | Gopinath Kalaiarasan Prashant Kumar Mamatha Tomson Juan C. Zavala-Reyes Alexandra E. Porter Gloria Young Mark A. Sephton Hisham Abubakar-Waziri Christopher C. Pain Ian M. Adcock Sharon Mumby Claire Dilliway Fangxing Fang Rossella Arcucci Kian Fan Chung |
| author_sort | Gopinath Kalaiarasan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We estimated the particle number distributions (PNDs), particle number concentrations (PNCs), physicochemical characteristics, meteorological effects, and respiratory deposition doses (RDD) in the human respiratory tract for three different particle modes: nucleation (N<sub>6–30</sub>), accumulation (N<sub>30–300</sub>), and coarse (N<sub>300–10,000</sub>) modes. This study was conducted in three different microenvironments (MEs) in London (indoor, IN; traffic intersection, TI; park, PK) measuring particles in the range of 6 nm–10,000 nm using an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI+). Mean PNCs were 1.68 ± 1.03 × 10<sup>4</sup> #cm<sup>−3</sup>, 7.00 ± 18.96 × 10<sup>4</sup> #cm<sup>−3</sup>, and 0.76 ± 0.95 × 10<sup>4</sup> #cm<sup>−3</sup> at IN, TI, and PK, respectively. The PNDs were high for nucleation-mode particles at the TI site, especially during peak traffic hours. Wind speeds ranging from 0 to 6 ms<sup>−1</sup> exhibit higher PNCs for nucleation- and accumulation-mode particles at TI and PK sites. Physicochemical characterisation shows trace metals, including Fe, O, and inorganic elements, that were embedded in a matrix of organic material in some samples. Alveolar RDD was higher for the nucleation and accumulation modes than the coarse-mode particles. The chemical signatures from the physicochemical characterisation indicate the varied sources at different MEs. These findings enhance our understanding of the different particle profiles at each ME and should help devise ways of reducing personal exposure at each ME. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:06:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81d82593c8d8476992f16f5f8e97fa9c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:06:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-81d82593c8d8476992f16f5f8e97fa9c2024-01-26T15:01:48ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-12-011514510.3390/atmos15010045Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of LondonGopinath Kalaiarasan0Prashant Kumar1Mamatha Tomson2Juan C. Zavala-Reyes3Alexandra E. Porter4Gloria Young5Mark A. Sephton6Hisham Abubakar-Waziri7Christopher C. Pain8Ian M. Adcock9Sharon Mumby10Claire Dilliway11Fangxing Fang12Rossella Arcucci13Kian Fan Chung14Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UKGlobal Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UKGlobal Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UKEscuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores–Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mérida 97357, Yucatán, MexicoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKNational Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UKDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKNational Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UKNational Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UKDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UKNational Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UKWe estimated the particle number distributions (PNDs), particle number concentrations (PNCs), physicochemical characteristics, meteorological effects, and respiratory deposition doses (RDD) in the human respiratory tract for three different particle modes: nucleation (N<sub>6–30</sub>), accumulation (N<sub>30–300</sub>), and coarse (N<sub>300–10,000</sub>) modes. This study was conducted in three different microenvironments (MEs) in London (indoor, IN; traffic intersection, TI; park, PK) measuring particles in the range of 6 nm–10,000 nm using an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI+). Mean PNCs were 1.68 ± 1.03 × 10<sup>4</sup> #cm<sup>−3</sup>, 7.00 ± 18.96 × 10<sup>4</sup> #cm<sup>−3</sup>, and 0.76 ± 0.95 × 10<sup>4</sup> #cm<sup>−3</sup> at IN, TI, and PK, respectively. The PNDs were high for nucleation-mode particles at the TI site, especially during peak traffic hours. Wind speeds ranging from 0 to 6 ms<sup>−1</sup> exhibit higher PNCs for nucleation- and accumulation-mode particles at TI and PK sites. Physicochemical characterisation shows trace metals, including Fe, O, and inorganic elements, that were embedded in a matrix of organic material in some samples. Alveolar RDD was higher for the nucleation and accumulation modes than the coarse-mode particles. The chemical signatures from the physicochemical characterisation indicate the varied sources at different MEs. These findings enhance our understanding of the different particle profiles at each ME and should help devise ways of reducing personal exposure at each ME.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/1/45ultrafine particleparticle number distributionsrespiratory deposition dosesmicroenvironmentstraffic emissions |
| spellingShingle | Gopinath Kalaiarasan Prashant Kumar Mamatha Tomson Juan C. Zavala-Reyes Alexandra E. Porter Gloria Young Mark A. Sephton Hisham Abubakar-Waziri Christopher C. Pain Ian M. Adcock Sharon Mumby Claire Dilliway Fangxing Fang Rossella Arcucci Kian Fan Chung Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London Atmosphere ultrafine particle particle number distributions respiratory deposition doses microenvironments traffic emissions |
| title | Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London |
| title_full | Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London |
| title_fullStr | Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London |
| title_full_unstemmed | Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London |
| title_short | Particle Number Size Distribution in Three Different Microenvironments of London |
| title_sort | particle number size distribution in three different microenvironments of london |
| topic | ultrafine particle particle number distributions respiratory deposition doses microenvironments traffic emissions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/1/45 |
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