Differential ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis in rabbits
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infective endocarditis (IE) and sepsis. In addition, 50% of IE survivors develop strokes and metastatic abscesses due to the release of emboli from infected valves. Both methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strains cause IE and sepsi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2012-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00018/full |
| _version_ | 1829504077483999232 |
|---|---|
| author | Adam R Spaulding Erin A Satterwhite Ying-Chi eLin Olivia N Chuang-Smith Kristi L Frank Joseph A Merriman Matthew M Schaefers Jeremy M Yarwood Marnie L Peterson Patrick M Schlievert |
| author_facet | Adam R Spaulding Erin A Satterwhite Ying-Chi eLin Olivia N Chuang-Smith Kristi L Frank Joseph A Merriman Matthew M Schaefers Jeremy M Yarwood Marnie L Peterson Patrick M Schlievert |
| author_sort | Adam R Spaulding |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infective endocarditis (IE) and sepsis. In addition, 50% of IE survivors develop strokes and metastatic abscesses due to the release of emboli from infected valves. Both methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strains cause IE and sepsis, and they may be categorized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, for example clonal types USA200, 300, and 400. We hypothesize that secreted virulence factors contribute to their differential ability to cause IE and/or sepsis. Rabbits are an excellent model for studying IE, which over the course of 4 days are monitored for development of vegetations (the hallmark signs of IE), and sepsis, as S. aureus are administered intravenously. Rabbit cardiac physiology is similar to humans, and rabbits exhibit susceptibility to superantigens and cytolysins produced by these clonal types of S. aureus. We examined the differential ability of community-associated MRSA and MSSA strains (5 USA200 or related strain FRI1169, 3 USA300, and 2 USA400) to cause vegetations versus lethal sepsis in rabbits. USA200 and related strain FRI1169 exhibited intermediate LD50s in sepsis (5x106-5x108) colony-forming units (CFUs), and 4/5 caused significant IE. In contrast, USA300 strains were highly effective in causing lethal sepsis (LD50s of 1 x 106-5 x 107 CFUs) but were minimally capable of causing IE. USA300 variant strain Newman was not highly lethal (LD50 of 2 x 109 CFUs) but was highly effective in causing IE. USA400 strains were both highly lethal (LD50s of 1 x 107-5 x 107 CFUs) and highly effective causes of IE. Additional studies showed that phenol soluble modulins produced by FRI1169 were important for sepsis but did not contribute to IE. Our studies show that these clonal groups of S. aureus have differential abilities to cause IE and lethal sepsis and suggest that secreted virulence factors, including superantigens and cytolysins, account for these differences. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T10:11:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81d95fc74baf4916966d3b4725c13d17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T10:11:37Z |
| publishDate | 2012-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-81d95fc74baf4916966d3b4725c13d172022-12-21T22:35:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882012-02-01210.3389/fcimb.2012.0001821835Differential ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis in rabbitsAdam R Spaulding0Erin A Satterwhite1Ying-Chi eLin2Olivia N Chuang-Smith3Kristi L Frank4Joseph A Merriman5Matthew M Schaefers6Jeremy M Yarwood7Marnie L Peterson8Patrick M Schlievert9University of Iowa3MUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of IowaUniversity of Minnesota3MUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of IowaStaphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infective endocarditis (IE) and sepsis. In addition, 50% of IE survivors develop strokes and metastatic abscesses due to the release of emboli from infected valves. Both methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strains cause IE and sepsis, and they may be categorized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, for example clonal types USA200, 300, and 400. We hypothesize that secreted virulence factors contribute to their differential ability to cause IE and/or sepsis. Rabbits are an excellent model for studying IE, which over the course of 4 days are monitored for development of vegetations (the hallmark signs of IE), and sepsis, as S. aureus are administered intravenously. Rabbit cardiac physiology is similar to humans, and rabbits exhibit susceptibility to superantigens and cytolysins produced by these clonal types of S. aureus. We examined the differential ability of community-associated MRSA and MSSA strains (5 USA200 or related strain FRI1169, 3 USA300, and 2 USA400) to cause vegetations versus lethal sepsis in rabbits. USA200 and related strain FRI1169 exhibited intermediate LD50s in sepsis (5x106-5x108) colony-forming units (CFUs), and 4/5 caused significant IE. In contrast, USA300 strains were highly effective in causing lethal sepsis (LD50s of 1 x 106-5 x 107 CFUs) but were minimally capable of causing IE. USA300 variant strain Newman was not highly lethal (LD50 of 2 x 109 CFUs) but was highly effective in causing IE. USA400 strains were both highly lethal (LD50s of 1 x 107-5 x 107 CFUs) and highly effective causes of IE. Additional studies showed that phenol soluble modulins produced by FRI1169 were important for sepsis but did not contribute to IE. Our studies show that these clonal groups of S. aureus have differential abilities to cause IE and lethal sepsis and suggest that secreted virulence factors, including superantigens and cytolysins, account for these differences.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00018/fullSepsisStaphylococcus aureussuperantigenCytolysinInfective endocarditis |
| spellingShingle | Adam R Spaulding Erin A Satterwhite Ying-Chi eLin Olivia N Chuang-Smith Kristi L Frank Joseph A Merriman Matthew M Schaefers Jeremy M Yarwood Marnie L Peterson Patrick M Schlievert Differential ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis in rabbits Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Sepsis Staphylococcus aureus superantigen Cytolysin Infective endocarditis |
| title | Differential ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis in rabbits |
| title_full | Differential ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis in rabbits |
| title_fullStr | Differential ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis in rabbits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis in rabbits |
| title_short | Differential ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis in rabbits |
| title_sort | differential ability of staphylococcus aureus to cause infective endocarditis and lethal sepsis in rabbits |
| topic | Sepsis Staphylococcus aureus superantigen Cytolysin Infective endocarditis |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00018/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adamrspaulding differentialabilityofstaphylococcusaureustocauseinfectiveendocarditisandlethalsepsisinrabbits AT erinasatterwhite differentialabilityofstaphylococcusaureustocauseinfectiveendocarditisandlethalsepsisinrabbits AT yingchielin differentialabilityofstaphylococcusaureustocauseinfectiveendocarditisandlethalsepsisinrabbits AT olivianchuangsmith differentialabilityofstaphylococcusaureustocauseinfectiveendocarditisandlethalsepsisinrabbits AT kristilfrank differentialabilityofstaphylococcusaureustocauseinfectiveendocarditisandlethalsepsisinrabbits AT josephamerriman differentialabilityofstaphylococcusaureustocauseinfectiveendocarditisandlethalsepsisinrabbits AT matthewmschaefers differentialabilityofstaphylococcusaureustocauseinfectiveendocarditisandlethalsepsisinrabbits AT jeremymyarwood differentialabilityofstaphylococcusaureustocauseinfectiveendocarditisandlethalsepsisinrabbits AT marnielpeterson differentialabilityofstaphylococcusaureustocauseinfectiveendocarditisandlethalsepsisinrabbits AT patrickmschlievert differentialabilityofstaphylococcusaureustocauseinfectiveendocarditisandlethalsepsisinrabbits |