Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?
ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the respiratory infection known as COVID-19. From an immunopathological standpoint, coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 induce increased levels of a variety of T-helper 1 (Th1) and inflammatory...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2020-06-01
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| Series: | mSphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00288-20 |
| _version_ | 1818570150822019072 |
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| author | Stephen W. Mamber Steven Krakowka Jeffrey Osborn Lloyd Saberski Ryan G. Rhodes Albert E. Dahlberg Sunthorn Pond-Tor Kara Fitzgerald Neal Wright Sarah Beseme John McMichael |
| author_facet | Stephen W. Mamber Steven Krakowka Jeffrey Osborn Lloyd Saberski Ryan G. Rhodes Albert E. Dahlberg Sunthorn Pond-Tor Kara Fitzgerald Neal Wright Sarah Beseme John McMichael |
| author_sort | Stephen W. Mamber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the respiratory infection known as COVID-19. From an immunopathological standpoint, coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 induce increased levels of a variety of T-helper 1 (Th1) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, CCL2 protein, and CXCL10 protein. In the absence of proven antiviral agents or an effective vaccine, substances with immunomodulatory activity may be able to inhibit inflammatory and Th1 cytokines and/or yield an anti-inflammatory and/or Th2 immune response to counteract COVID-19 symptoms and severity. This report briefly describes the following four unconventional but commercially accessible immunomodulatory agents that can be employed in clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness at alleviating disease symptoms and severity: low-dose oral interferon alpha, microdose DNA, low-dose thimerosal, and phytocannabinoids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T06:56:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81da9025ab0c4ccba0540c14f25f6b2a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2379-5042 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T06:56:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | mSphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-81da9025ab0c4ccba0540c14f25f6b2a2022-12-21T23:12:37ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymSphere2379-50422020-06-015310.1128/mSphere.00288-20Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?Stephen W. Mamber0Steven Krakowka1Jeffrey Osborn2Lloyd Saberski3Ryan G. Rhodes4Albert E. Dahlberg5Sunthorn Pond-Tor6Kara Fitzgerald7Neal Wright8Sarah Beseme9John McMichael10The Institute for Therapeutic Discovery, Delanson, New York, USAThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USAThe University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USAYale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USAThe University of North Carolina—Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USABrown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USABrown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USASandy Hook Clinic, Sandy Hook, Connecticut, USACMC Biosciences, Beverly, Massachusetts, USABeech Tree Labs, Providence, Rhode Island, USAThe Institute for Therapeutic Discovery, Delanson, New York, USAABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the respiratory infection known as COVID-19. From an immunopathological standpoint, coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 induce increased levels of a variety of T-helper 1 (Th1) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, CCL2 protein, and CXCL10 protein. In the absence of proven antiviral agents or an effective vaccine, substances with immunomodulatory activity may be able to inhibit inflammatory and Th1 cytokines and/or yield an anti-inflammatory and/or Th2 immune response to counteract COVID-19 symptoms and severity. This report briefly describes the following four unconventional but commercially accessible immunomodulatory agents that can be employed in clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness at alleviating disease symptoms and severity: low-dose oral interferon alpha, microdose DNA, low-dose thimerosal, and phytocannabinoids.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00288-20COVID-19SARS-CoV-2immunomodulatory agentsinterferon alphaphytocannabinoidsthimerosal |
| spellingShingle | Stephen W. Mamber Steven Krakowka Jeffrey Osborn Lloyd Saberski Ryan G. Rhodes Albert E. Dahlberg Sunthorn Pond-Tor Kara Fitzgerald Neal Wright Sarah Beseme John McMichael Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity? mSphere COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 immunomodulatory agents interferon alpha phytocannabinoids thimerosal |
| title | Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity? |
| title_full | Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity? |
| title_fullStr | Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity? |
| title_short | Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity? |
| title_sort | can unconventional immunomodulatory agents help alleviate covid 19 symptoms and severity |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 immunomodulatory agents interferon alpha phytocannabinoids thimerosal |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00288-20 |
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