Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model
Abstract Background Child mortality is a major challenge to public health in Pakistan and other developing countries. Reduction of the child mortality rate would improve public health and enhance human well-being and prosperity. This study recognizes the spatial clusters of child mortality across di...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16526-6 |
| _version_ | 1797451201828093952 |
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| author | Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh Sami Ullah Khan Munir Ahmed Rashid Ahmad Asad Abbas Irfan Ullah |
| author_facet | Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh Sami Ullah Khan Munir Ahmed Rashid Ahmad Asad Abbas Irfan Ullah |
| author_sort | Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Child mortality is a major challenge to public health in Pakistan and other developing countries. Reduction of the child mortality rate would improve public health and enhance human well-being and prosperity. This study recognizes the spatial clusters of child mortality across districts of Pakistan and identifies the direct and spatial spillover effects of determinants on the Child Mortality Rate (CMR). Method Data of the multiple indicators cluster survey (MICS) conducted by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was used to study the CMR. We used spatial univariate autocorrelation to test the spatial dependence between contiguous districts concerning CMR. We also applied the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to measure the spatial spillover effects of factors on CMR. Results The study results showed 31% significant spatial association across the districts and identified a cluster of hot spots characterized by the high-high CMR in the districts of Punjab province. The empirical analysis of the SDM confirmed that the direct and spatial spillover effect of the poorest wealth quintile and MPI vulnerability on CMR is positive whereas access to postnatal care to the newly born child and improved drinking water has negatively (directly and indirectly) determined the CMR in Pakistan. Conclusion The instant results concluded that spatial dependence and significant spatial spillover effects concerning CMR exist across districts. Prioritization of the hot spot districts characterized by higher CMR can significantly reduce the CMR with improvement in financial statuses of households from the poorest quintile and MPI vulnerability as well as improvement in accessibility to postnatal care services and safe drinking water. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:51:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81ee25b08cd44a28a22ec0dc9aa9cb88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:51:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-81ee25b08cd44a28a22ec0dc9aa9cb882023-11-26T14:28:08ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582023-08-0123111410.1186/s12889-023-16526-6Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin ModelMuhammad Ramzan Sheikh0Sami Ullah Khan1Munir Ahmed2Rashid Ahmad3Asad Abbas4Irfan Ullah5School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityDepartment of Economics, Gomal UniversityDepartment of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari CampusSchool of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityDepartment of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari CampusReading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyAbstract Background Child mortality is a major challenge to public health in Pakistan and other developing countries. Reduction of the child mortality rate would improve public health and enhance human well-being and prosperity. This study recognizes the spatial clusters of child mortality across districts of Pakistan and identifies the direct and spatial spillover effects of determinants on the Child Mortality Rate (CMR). Method Data of the multiple indicators cluster survey (MICS) conducted by the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was used to study the CMR. We used spatial univariate autocorrelation to test the spatial dependence between contiguous districts concerning CMR. We also applied the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to measure the spatial spillover effects of factors on CMR. Results The study results showed 31% significant spatial association across the districts and identified a cluster of hot spots characterized by the high-high CMR in the districts of Punjab province. The empirical analysis of the SDM confirmed that the direct and spatial spillover effect of the poorest wealth quintile and MPI vulnerability on CMR is positive whereas access to postnatal care to the newly born child and improved drinking water has negatively (directly and indirectly) determined the CMR in Pakistan. Conclusion The instant results concluded that spatial dependence and significant spatial spillover effects concerning CMR exist across districts. Prioritization of the hot spot districts characterized by higher CMR can significantly reduce the CMR with improvement in financial statuses of households from the poorest quintile and MPI vulnerability as well as improvement in accessibility to postnatal care services and safe drinking water.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16526-6Child mortalityUnivariate autocorrelationSpatial clusteringSpatial durbin modelSpatial spillover effectPakistan |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh Sami Ullah Khan Munir Ahmed Rashid Ahmad Asad Abbas Irfan Ullah Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model BMC Public Health Child mortality Univariate autocorrelation Spatial clustering Spatial durbin model Spatial spillover effect Pakistan |
| title | Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model |
| title_full | Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model |
| title_fullStr | Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model |
| title_short | Spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in Pakistan: evidence from Spatial Durbin Model |
| title_sort | spatial spillover impact of determinants on child mortality in pakistan evidence from spatial durbin model |
| topic | Child mortality Univariate autocorrelation Spatial clustering Spatial durbin model Spatial spillover effect Pakistan |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16526-6 |
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