Evaluation and Optimization of Tour Method for Synthesis of Graphite Oxide with High Specific Surface Area
Many of the graphene-based structures exhibit an adsorption capacity due to their high specific surface area (SSA) and micropore volume. This capacity makes them competent materials for applications in energy and environmental sectors where efficiency is highly dependent on these properties for appl...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| author | Hanna Bukovska Fernando García-Perez Natalia Brea Núñez Laura J. Bonales Andrés Velasco M. Ángeles Clavero Javier Martínez Alberto J. Quejido Isabel Rucandio M. Belén Gómez-Mancebo |
| author_facet | Hanna Bukovska Fernando García-Perez Natalia Brea Núñez Laura J. Bonales Andrés Velasco M. Ángeles Clavero Javier Martínez Alberto J. Quejido Isabel Rucandio M. Belén Gómez-Mancebo |
| author_sort | Hanna Bukovska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many of the graphene-based structures exhibit an adsorption capacity due to their high specific surface area (SSA) and micropore volume. This capacity makes them competent materials for applications in energy and environmental sectors where efficiency is highly dependent on these properties for applications, such as water decontamination, solar cells or energy storage. The aim of this work is to study graphene-related materials (GRM) for applications where a high SSA is a requirement, considering the ideal SSA of graphene ≅ 2600 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup>. For the synthesis of most of the GRMs, some oxidation method such as the Tour method is used to oxidize graphite to graphite oxide (GrO) as an initial step. Our work studies the optimization of this initial step to evaluate the best conditions to obtain GrO with the maximum possible SSA. The different parameters influencing the process have been evaluated and optimized by applying an experimental design (ED). The resulting materials have been characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), elemental analysis (EA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The evaluation of the results shows a maximum SSA of GrO of 67.04 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> for a temperature of 60 °C, a time of 12 h, a H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> volume of 50 mL and 4 g of KMnO<sub>4</sub>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:56:22Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:56:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | C |
| spelling | doaj.art-81f15c19c66948298b31a1da6a900b8b2023-11-19T09:57:08ZengMDPI AGC2311-56292023-07-01936510.3390/c9030065Evaluation and Optimization of Tour Method for Synthesis of Graphite Oxide with High Specific Surface AreaHanna Bukovska0Fernando García-Perez1Natalia Brea Núñez2Laura J. Bonales3Andrés Velasco4M. Ángeles Clavero5Javier Martínez6Alberto J. Quejido7Isabel Rucandio8M. Belén Gómez-Mancebo9Technology Department, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), 28040 Madrid, SpainTechnology Department, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), 28040 Madrid, SpainEnvironmental Department, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), 28040 Madrid, SpainEnergy Department, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), 28040 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Optoelectronic Systems and Microtechnology, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainTechnology Department, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), 28040 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Optoelectronic Systems and Microtechnology, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainTechnology Department, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), 28040 Madrid, SpainTechnology Department, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), 28040 Madrid, SpainTechnology Department, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), 28040 Madrid, SpainMany of the graphene-based structures exhibit an adsorption capacity due to their high specific surface area (SSA) and micropore volume. This capacity makes them competent materials for applications in energy and environmental sectors where efficiency is highly dependent on these properties for applications, such as water decontamination, solar cells or energy storage. The aim of this work is to study graphene-related materials (GRM) for applications where a high SSA is a requirement, considering the ideal SSA of graphene ≅ 2600 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup>. For the synthesis of most of the GRMs, some oxidation method such as the Tour method is used to oxidize graphite to graphite oxide (GrO) as an initial step. Our work studies the optimization of this initial step to evaluate the best conditions to obtain GrO with the maximum possible SSA. The different parameters influencing the process have been evaluated and optimized by applying an experimental design (ED). The resulting materials have been characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), elemental analysis (EA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The evaluation of the results shows a maximum SSA of GrO of 67.04 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> for a temperature of 60 °C, a time of 12 h, a H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> volume of 50 mL and 4 g of KMnO<sub>4</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/9/3/65Tour methodexperimental designgraphite oxideoptimizationspecific surface area |
| spellingShingle | Hanna Bukovska Fernando García-Perez Natalia Brea Núñez Laura J. Bonales Andrés Velasco M. Ángeles Clavero Javier Martínez Alberto J. Quejido Isabel Rucandio M. Belén Gómez-Mancebo Evaluation and Optimization of Tour Method for Synthesis of Graphite Oxide with High Specific Surface Area C Tour method experimental design graphite oxide optimization specific surface area |
| title | Evaluation and Optimization of Tour Method for Synthesis of Graphite Oxide with High Specific Surface Area |
| title_full | Evaluation and Optimization of Tour Method for Synthesis of Graphite Oxide with High Specific Surface Area |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation and Optimization of Tour Method for Synthesis of Graphite Oxide with High Specific Surface Area |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation and Optimization of Tour Method for Synthesis of Graphite Oxide with High Specific Surface Area |
| title_short | Evaluation and Optimization of Tour Method for Synthesis of Graphite Oxide with High Specific Surface Area |
| title_sort | evaluation and optimization of tour method for synthesis of graphite oxide with high specific surface area |
| topic | Tour method experimental design graphite oxide optimization specific surface area |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/9/3/65 |
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