Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease
The worldwide occurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is swiftly rising, primarily attributed to the growing population of individuals affected by type 2 diabetes. This surge has been transformed into a substantial global concern, placing additional strain on healthcare systems already grappling...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/23/7349 |
| _version_ | 1797399983930998784 |
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| author | Satyesh K. Sinha Susanne B. Nicholas |
| author_facet | Satyesh K. Sinha Susanne B. Nicholas |
| author_sort | Satyesh K. Sinha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The worldwide occurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is swiftly rising, primarily attributed to the growing population of individuals affected by type 2 diabetes. This surge has been transformed into a substantial global concern, placing additional strain on healthcare systems already grappling with significant demands. The pathogenesis of DKD is intricate, originating with hyperglycemia, which triggers various mechanisms and pathways: metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic which ultimately lead to renal damage. Within each pathway, several mediators contribute to the development of renal structural and functional changes. Some of these mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and transforming growth factor β are shared among the different pathways, leading to significant overlap and interaction between them. While current treatment options for DKD have shown advancement over previous strategies, their effectiveness remains somewhat constrained as patients still experience residual risk of disease progression. Therefore, a comprehensive grasp of the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of DKD is imperative for the continued creation of novel and groundbreaking therapies for this condition. In this review, we discuss the current achievements in fundamental research, with a particular emphasis on individual factors and recent developments in DKD treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:48:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-81f6850b7b9f49c4805ebd03522c54e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:48:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-81f6850b7b9f49c4805ebd03522c54e52023-12-08T15:19:34ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-11-011223734910.3390/jcm12237349Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney DiseaseSatyesh K. Sinha0Susanne B. Nicholas1Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAThe worldwide occurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is swiftly rising, primarily attributed to the growing population of individuals affected by type 2 diabetes. This surge has been transformed into a substantial global concern, placing additional strain on healthcare systems already grappling with significant demands. The pathogenesis of DKD is intricate, originating with hyperglycemia, which triggers various mechanisms and pathways: metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic which ultimately lead to renal damage. Within each pathway, several mediators contribute to the development of renal structural and functional changes. Some of these mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and transforming growth factor β are shared among the different pathways, leading to significant overlap and interaction between them. While current treatment options for DKD have shown advancement over previous strategies, their effectiveness remains somewhat constrained as patients still experience residual risk of disease progression. Therefore, a comprehensive grasp of the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of DKD is imperative for the continued creation of novel and groundbreaking therapies for this condition. In this review, we discuss the current achievements in fundamental research, with a particular emphasis on individual factors and recent developments in DKD treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/23/7349metabolichemodynamicrenin angiotensin aldosterone systeminflammatory and fibrotic factorsmineralocorticoid receptorosteopontin |
| spellingShingle | Satyesh K. Sinha Susanne B. Nicholas Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease Journal of Clinical Medicine metabolic hemodynamic renin angiotensin aldosterone system inflammatory and fibrotic factors mineralocorticoid receptor osteopontin |
| title | Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease |
| title_full | Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease |
| title_fullStr | Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease |
| title_short | Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease |
| title_sort | pathomechanisms of diabetic kidney disease |
| topic | metabolic hemodynamic renin angiotensin aldosterone system inflammatory and fibrotic factors mineralocorticoid receptor osteopontin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/23/7349 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT satyeshksinha pathomechanismsofdiabetickidneydisease AT susannebnicholas pathomechanismsofdiabetickidneydisease |