Finite element analysis of the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in head impacts against roads
Severe head injuries can occur in cyclists involved in traffic accidents. In Japan, head injuries accounted for 62% of cyclist fatalities in 2015 (ITARDA, 2016). The purpose of this study is to estimate head injuries for cyclists and quantify the effectiveness of a bicycle helmet by performing finit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
2017-07-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jbse/12/4/12_17-00175/_pdf/-char/en |
| _version_ | 1818532165795708928 |
|---|---|
| author | Shoko OIKAWA Hiromichi NAKADATE Yuelin ZHANG Takahiro UENO Shigeru AOMURA Yasuhiro MATSUI |
| author_facet | Shoko OIKAWA Hiromichi NAKADATE Yuelin ZHANG Takahiro UENO Shigeru AOMURA Yasuhiro MATSUI |
| author_sort | Shoko OIKAWA |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Severe head injuries can occur in cyclists involved in traffic accidents. In Japan, head injuries accounted for 62% of cyclist fatalities in 2015 (ITARDA, 2016). The purpose of this study is to estimate head injuries for cyclists and quantify the effectiveness of a bicycle helmet by performing finite element (FE) simulations of head impacts against roads. Impacts with and without a helmet over a range of relative head velocities and head impact angles were simulated. A number of possible head injuries were assessed; skull fracture by skull strain, traumatic intracerebral hematoma (ICH) by brain pressure, brain contusion by brain negative-pressure and von Mises stress, and moderate and severe diffuse axonal injuries (DAIs) by von Mises stress. Results showed that without a helmet, the peak values of all metrics exceeded the 50% probability point for head injury in all impacts. The 50% probability points of moderate and severe DAIs were exceeded under impacts of 8.22 m/s at 26.5 degrees and 10.33 m/s at 15.0 degrees for moderate DAI, and 10.33 m/s at 15.0 degrees for severe DAI, without a helmet. All the peak values were reduced when a bicycle helmet was worn, and the largest reduction was found in the skull strain. These results predict that the risks of head injuries due to road impacts may be considerably decreased by helmet use. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:41:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8207c8a08d514772ba317a7040a5a5e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1880-9863 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:41:57Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-8207c8a08d514772ba317a7040a5a5e72022-12-22T00:56:30ZengThe Japan Society of Mechanical EngineersJournal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering1880-98632017-07-0112417-0017517-0017510.1299/jbse.17-00175jbseFinite element analysis of the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in head impacts against roadsShoko OIKAWA0Hiromichi NAKADATE1Yuelin ZHANG2Takahiro UENO3Shigeru AOMURA4Yasuhiro MATSUI5Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityFaculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityCollege or Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin UniversityFaculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityFaculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityVehicle Safety Research Department, National Traffic Safety and Environment LaboratorySevere head injuries can occur in cyclists involved in traffic accidents. In Japan, head injuries accounted for 62% of cyclist fatalities in 2015 (ITARDA, 2016). The purpose of this study is to estimate head injuries for cyclists and quantify the effectiveness of a bicycle helmet by performing finite element (FE) simulations of head impacts against roads. Impacts with and without a helmet over a range of relative head velocities and head impact angles were simulated. A number of possible head injuries were assessed; skull fracture by skull strain, traumatic intracerebral hematoma (ICH) by brain pressure, brain contusion by brain negative-pressure and von Mises stress, and moderate and severe diffuse axonal injuries (DAIs) by von Mises stress. Results showed that without a helmet, the peak values of all metrics exceeded the 50% probability point for head injury in all impacts. The 50% probability points of moderate and severe DAIs were exceeded under impacts of 8.22 m/s at 26.5 degrees and 10.33 m/s at 15.0 degrees for moderate DAI, and 10.33 m/s at 15.0 degrees for severe DAI, without a helmet. All the peak values were reduced when a bicycle helmet was worn, and the largest reduction was found in the skull strain. These results predict that the risks of head injuries due to road impacts may be considerably decreased by helmet use.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jbse/12/4/12_17-00175/_pdf/-char/enbicycle helmetcyclisthead injuriesimpact against roadfinite element simulation |
| spellingShingle | Shoko OIKAWA Hiromichi NAKADATE Yuelin ZHANG Takahiro UENO Shigeru AOMURA Yasuhiro MATSUI Finite element analysis of the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in head impacts against roads Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering bicycle helmet cyclist head injuries impact against road finite element simulation |
| title | Finite element analysis of the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in head impacts against roads |
| title_full | Finite element analysis of the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in head impacts against roads |
| title_fullStr | Finite element analysis of the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in head impacts against roads |
| title_full_unstemmed | Finite element analysis of the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in head impacts against roads |
| title_short | Finite element analysis of the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in head impacts against roads |
| title_sort | finite element analysis of the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in head impacts against roads |
| topic | bicycle helmet cyclist head injuries impact against road finite element simulation |
| url | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jbse/12/4/12_17-00175/_pdf/-char/en |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shokooikawa finiteelementanalysisoftheeffectivenessofbicyclehelmetsinheadimpactsagainstroads AT hiromichinakadate finiteelementanalysisoftheeffectivenessofbicyclehelmetsinheadimpactsagainstroads AT yuelinzhang finiteelementanalysisoftheeffectivenessofbicyclehelmetsinheadimpactsagainstroads AT takahiroueno finiteelementanalysisoftheeffectivenessofbicyclehelmetsinheadimpactsagainstroads AT shigeruaomura finiteelementanalysisoftheeffectivenessofbicyclehelmetsinheadimpactsagainstroads AT yasuhiromatsui finiteelementanalysisoftheeffectivenessofbicyclehelmetsinheadimpactsagainstroads |