Tackling Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria With Conventional and Complex Phytochemicals
Emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria endorses the failure of existing drugs with chronic illness, complicated treatment, and ever-increasing expenditures. Bacteria acquire the nature to adapt to starving conditions, abiotic stress, antibiotics, and our immune defense mechanism due to its swift...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.883839/full |
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| author | Thangaiyan Suganya Issac Abraham Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy G. Smilin Bell Aseervatham Areanna Carmona Vijayaragavan Rashmi Subramanian Mariappan Navaneethan Renuga Devi Devanesan Arul Ananth |
| author_facet | Thangaiyan Suganya Issac Abraham Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy G. Smilin Bell Aseervatham Areanna Carmona Vijayaragavan Rashmi Subramanian Mariappan Navaneethan Renuga Devi Devanesan Arul Ananth |
| author_sort | Thangaiyan Suganya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria endorses the failure of existing drugs with chronic illness, complicated treatment, and ever-increasing expenditures. Bacteria acquire the nature to adapt to starving conditions, abiotic stress, antibiotics, and our immune defense mechanism due to its swift evolution. The intense and inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria. Phytochemicals can be used as an alternative for complementing antibiotics due to their variation in metabolic, genetic, and physiological fronts as well as the rapid evolution of resistant microbes and lack of tactile management. Several phytochemicals from diverse groups, including alkaloids, phenols, coumarins, and terpenes, have effectively proved their inhibitory potential against MDR pathogens through their counter-action towards bacterial membrane proteins, efflux pumps, biofilms, and bacterial cell-to-cell communications, which are important factors in promoting the emergence of drug resistance. Plant extracts consist of a complex assortment of phytochemical elements, against which the development of bacterial resistance is quite deliberate. This review emphasizes the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria, the reversal mechanism of antibiotic resistance by phytochemicals, the bioactive potential of phytochemicals against MDR, and the scientific evidence on molecular, biochemical, and clinical aspects to treat bacterial pathogenesis in humans. Moreover, clinical efficacy, trial, safety, toxicity, and affordability investigations, current status and developments, related demands, and future prospects are also highlighted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:29:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-820c2a0b555e4d82949e1520cd4b0b2f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T13:29:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-820c2a0b555e4d82949e1520cd4b0b2f2022-12-22T00:23:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882022-06-011210.3389/fcimb.2022.883839883839Tackling Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria With Conventional and Complex PhytochemicalsThangaiyan Suganya0Issac Abraham Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy1G. Smilin Bell Aseervatham2Areanna Carmona3Vijayaragavan Rashmi4Subramanian Mariappan5Navaneethan Renuga Devi6Devanesan Arul Ananth7Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, IndiaPost Graduate Research Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, IndiaFrancis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center of El Paso, Texas, TX, United StatesNational Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria (NRMC)- Marine, National Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, (Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, IndiaPost Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Yadava College, Madurai, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, GTN Arts College, Dindigul, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, IndiaEmerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria endorses the failure of existing drugs with chronic illness, complicated treatment, and ever-increasing expenditures. Bacteria acquire the nature to adapt to starving conditions, abiotic stress, antibiotics, and our immune defense mechanism due to its swift evolution. The intense and inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria. Phytochemicals can be used as an alternative for complementing antibiotics due to their variation in metabolic, genetic, and physiological fronts as well as the rapid evolution of resistant microbes and lack of tactile management. Several phytochemicals from diverse groups, including alkaloids, phenols, coumarins, and terpenes, have effectively proved their inhibitory potential against MDR pathogens through their counter-action towards bacterial membrane proteins, efflux pumps, biofilms, and bacterial cell-to-cell communications, which are important factors in promoting the emergence of drug resistance. Plant extracts consist of a complex assortment of phytochemical elements, against which the development of bacterial resistance is quite deliberate. This review emphasizes the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria, the reversal mechanism of antibiotic resistance by phytochemicals, the bioactive potential of phytochemicals against MDR, and the scientific evidence on molecular, biochemical, and clinical aspects to treat bacterial pathogenesis in humans. Moreover, clinical efficacy, trial, safety, toxicity, and affordability investigations, current status and developments, related demands, and future prospects are also highlighted.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.883839/fullMulti Drug Resistant (MDR)phytochemicalsbacteriapathogenesisantibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Thangaiyan Suganya Issac Abraham Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy G. Smilin Bell Aseervatham Areanna Carmona Vijayaragavan Rashmi Subramanian Mariappan Navaneethan Renuga Devi Devanesan Arul Ananth Tackling Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria With Conventional and Complex Phytochemicals Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) phytochemicals bacteria pathogenesis antibiotics |
| title | Tackling Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria With Conventional and Complex Phytochemicals |
| title_full | Tackling Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria With Conventional and Complex Phytochemicals |
| title_fullStr | Tackling Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria With Conventional and Complex Phytochemicals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tackling Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria With Conventional and Complex Phytochemicals |
| title_short | Tackling Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria With Conventional and Complex Phytochemicals |
| title_sort | tackling multiple drug resistant bacteria with conventional and complex phytochemicals |
| topic | Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) phytochemicals bacteria pathogenesis antibiotics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.883839/full |
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