| Summary: | This study examines nonlinear effects of global and country-specific geopolitical risk uncertainty on stock returns of Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey, employing a three-regime Markov-switching approach. This study discovers that the Markov-switching model captured the impacts of global and country-specific geopolitical risk uncertainty on stock returns of all fragile emerging economies, while the linear framework does not. Hence, the effects of both risk factors are nonlinear and asymmetric on stock market returns. The empirical results uncover that global geopolitical risk uncertainty can affect stock market performance both positively and negatively, which depend on contemporaneous time, lag time, volatility regimes, and stock market. The results also reveal that the country-specific political unrest adversely influences the stock market performance of four fragile emerging economies throughout the volatility regimes, with exception of the Indian stock market performance. Therefore, investors should follow market volatility behavior before taking risk of global and domestic geopolitical uncertainty.
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