| Summary: | The Cluster HEritage project with XMM-Newton – Mass Assembly and Thermodynamics at the Endpoint of structure formation (CHEX-MATE) is a Multi-Year Heritage Programme to obtain X-ray observations of a minimally-biased, signal-to-noise-limited sample of galaxy clusters detected by Planck through the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect. The program aims to study the ultimate products of structure formation in time and mass. On behalf of our large international collaboration, I will summarize the most recent results obtained, highlighting the role of multi-band datasets in resolving the astrophysics of the most massive collapsed halos in the universe and in studying the interplay between hot plasma and dark matter. I will also present some new methods for estimating the non-thermal pressure support in galaxy clusters, and how we can convert it into a measurement of the hydrostatic mass bias, also for a cosmological purpose. These studies will pave the way for using the next generation of X-ray observatories to construct a consistent picture of the formation and composition in mass and energy of galaxy clusters.
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