Effectiveness of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron Infection in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal inactivated COVID-19 vaccination before delivery for infants against Omicron infection in Guangzhou, China. A test-negative case-control design was conducted. This study selected infants born from 1 November 2021 to 23 November 2022 and teste...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/9/1402 |
| _version_ | 1797576487672479744 |
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| author | Jiayi Zhong Wen Wang Shuang Liu Yifei Chen Husheng Xiong Xiang Meng Dingmei Zhang Yu Ma |
| author_facet | Jiayi Zhong Wen Wang Shuang Liu Yifei Chen Husheng Xiong Xiang Meng Dingmei Zhang Yu Ma |
| author_sort | Jiayi Zhong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal inactivated COVID-19 vaccination before delivery for infants against Omicron infection in Guangzhou, China. A test-negative case-control design was conducted. This study selected infants born from 1 November 2021 to 23 November 2022 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 13 April 2022 and 30 November 2022 during outbreaks in Guangzhou. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to compare the maternal vaccination status of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before delivery in cases and controls to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) for infants within 12 months. According to eligibility criteria, we finally selected 205 test-positive and 114 test-negative infants, as well as their mothers. The effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among fully vaccinated mothers was 48.4% (7.3% to 71.7%) for infants within 12 months, with the effectiveness of partial and booster vaccination showing no significant difference. Effectiveness for full vaccination presented a slight increase according to infants’ age at testing, with 49.6% (−12.3% to 78.4%) for 0–6 months and 59.9% (−0.6% to 84.4%) for over 6 months. A greater protective effect of two-dose vaccination was manifested in infants whose mother had received the second dose during the first trimester (65.9%, 95% CI: 7.7% to 87.9%) of pregnancy rather than preconception (43.5%, 95% CI: −8.7% to 71.1%). Moreover, VE could be improved to 77.1% (11.1% to 95.3%) when mothers received two doses both during pregnancy and 91.8% (41.1% to 99.6%) with receipt of a booster dose during pregnancy. Maternal vaccination with two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before delivery was moderately effective against Omicron infection in infants during the first 12 months of life. Full vaccination or a booster dose during pregnancy could confer better protection against Omicron for infants, although it might be overestimated due to the insufficient sample size in subgroups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:52:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-823c06792bf9499283f0f47df00c01bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:52:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-823c06792bf9499283f0f47df00c01bf2023-11-19T13:18:28ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-08-01119140210.3390/vaccines11091402Effectiveness of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron Infection in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: A Test-Negative Case-Control StudyJiayi Zhong0Wen Wang1Shuang Liu2Yifei Chen3Husheng Xiong4Xiang Meng5Dingmei Zhang6Yu Ma7Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaInstitute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, ChinaInstitute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, ChinaThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of maternal inactivated COVID-19 vaccination before delivery for infants against Omicron infection in Guangzhou, China. A test-negative case-control design was conducted. This study selected infants born from 1 November 2021 to 23 November 2022 and tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 13 April 2022 and 30 November 2022 during outbreaks in Guangzhou. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to compare the maternal vaccination status of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before delivery in cases and controls to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) for infants within 12 months. According to eligibility criteria, we finally selected 205 test-positive and 114 test-negative infants, as well as their mothers. The effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among fully vaccinated mothers was 48.4% (7.3% to 71.7%) for infants within 12 months, with the effectiveness of partial and booster vaccination showing no significant difference. Effectiveness for full vaccination presented a slight increase according to infants’ age at testing, with 49.6% (−12.3% to 78.4%) for 0–6 months and 59.9% (−0.6% to 84.4%) for over 6 months. A greater protective effect of two-dose vaccination was manifested in infants whose mother had received the second dose during the first trimester (65.9%, 95% CI: 7.7% to 87.9%) of pregnancy rather than preconception (43.5%, 95% CI: −8.7% to 71.1%). Moreover, VE could be improved to 77.1% (11.1% to 95.3%) when mothers received two doses both during pregnancy and 91.8% (41.1% to 99.6%) with receipt of a booster dose during pregnancy. Maternal vaccination with two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before delivery was moderately effective against Omicron infection in infants during the first 12 months of life. Full vaccination or a booster dose during pregnancy could confer better protection against Omicron for infants, although it might be overestimated due to the insufficient sample size in subgroups.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/9/1402maternal COVID-19 vaccinationinfant infectionSARS-CoV-2vaccine effectivenesspregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Jiayi Zhong Wen Wang Shuang Liu Yifei Chen Husheng Xiong Xiang Meng Dingmei Zhang Yu Ma Effectiveness of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron Infection in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study Vaccines maternal COVID-19 vaccination infant infection SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness pregnancy |
| title | Effectiveness of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron Infection in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
| title_full | Effectiveness of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron Infection in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron Infection in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron Infection in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
| title_short | Effectiveness of Maternal Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron Infection in Infants during the First 12 Months of Life: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
| title_sort | effectiveness of maternal inactivated covid 19 vaccination against omicron infection in infants during the first 12 months of life a test negative case control study |
| topic | maternal COVID-19 vaccination infant infection SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness pregnancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/9/1402 |
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