Main Factors Involved in Thyroid Hormone Action
The thyroid hormone receptors are the mediators of a multitude of actions by the thyroid hormones in cells. Most thyroid hormone activities require interaction with nuclear receptors to bind DNA and regulate the expression of target genes. In addition to genomic regulation, thyroid hormones function...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7337 |
| _version_ | 1827674811221934080 |
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| author | Lorena Tedeschi Cristina Vassalle Giorgio Iervasi Laura Sabatino |
| author_facet | Lorena Tedeschi Cristina Vassalle Giorgio Iervasi Laura Sabatino |
| author_sort | Lorena Tedeschi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The thyroid hormone receptors are the mediators of a multitude of actions by the thyroid hormones in cells. Most thyroid hormone activities require interaction with nuclear receptors to bind DNA and regulate the expression of target genes. In addition to genomic regulation, thyroid hormones function via activation of specific cytosolic pathways, bypassing interaction with nuclear DNA. In the present work, we reviewed the most recent literature on the characteristics and roles of different factors involved in thyroid hormone function in particular, we discuss the genomic activity of thyroid hormone receptors in the nucleus and the functions of different thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in the cytosol. Furthermore, we describe the integrin αvβ3-mediated thyroid hormone signaling pathway and its rapid nongenomic action in the cell. We furthermore reviewed the thyroid hormone transporters enabling the uptake of thyroid hormones in the cell, and we also include a paragraph on the proteins that mediate thyroid receptors’ shuttling from the nucleus to the cytosol. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:47:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-823dcb629bf047c68898ac71be96b31e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:47:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-823dcb629bf047c68898ac71be96b31e2023-11-23T02:50:59ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-12-012623733710.3390/molecules26237337Main Factors Involved in Thyroid Hormone ActionLorena Tedeschi0Cristina Vassalle1Giorgio Iervasi2Laura Sabatino3Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56127 Pisa, ItalyFondazione CNR-Regione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56127 Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56127 Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56127 Pisa, ItalyThe thyroid hormone receptors are the mediators of a multitude of actions by the thyroid hormones in cells. Most thyroid hormone activities require interaction with nuclear receptors to bind DNA and regulate the expression of target genes. In addition to genomic regulation, thyroid hormones function via activation of specific cytosolic pathways, bypassing interaction with nuclear DNA. In the present work, we reviewed the most recent literature on the characteristics and roles of different factors involved in thyroid hormone function in particular, we discuss the genomic activity of thyroid hormone receptors in the nucleus and the functions of different thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in the cytosol. Furthermore, we describe the integrin αvβ3-mediated thyroid hormone signaling pathway and its rapid nongenomic action in the cell. We furthermore reviewed the thyroid hormone transporters enabling the uptake of thyroid hormones in the cell, and we also include a paragraph on the proteins that mediate thyroid receptors’ shuttling from the nucleus to the cytosol.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7337thyroid hormonesthyroid hormone receptorintegringenomicnongenomic |
| spellingShingle | Lorena Tedeschi Cristina Vassalle Giorgio Iervasi Laura Sabatino Main Factors Involved in Thyroid Hormone Action Molecules thyroid hormones thyroid hormone receptor integrin genomic nongenomic |
| title | Main Factors Involved in Thyroid Hormone Action |
| title_full | Main Factors Involved in Thyroid Hormone Action |
| title_fullStr | Main Factors Involved in Thyroid Hormone Action |
| title_full_unstemmed | Main Factors Involved in Thyroid Hormone Action |
| title_short | Main Factors Involved in Thyroid Hormone Action |
| title_sort | main factors involved in thyroid hormone action |
| topic | thyroid hormones thyroid hormone receptor integrin genomic nongenomic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7337 |
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