Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases
Macrophages can be characterized as a very multifunctional cell type with a spectrum of phenotypes and functions being observed spatially and temporally in various disease states. Ample studies have now demonstrated a possible causal link between macrophage activation and the development of autoimmu...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5925 |
| _version_ | 1797611174990184448 |
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| author | Michael Poppell Grace Hammel Yi Ren |
| author_facet | Michael Poppell Grace Hammel Yi Ren |
| author_sort | Michael Poppell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macrophages can be characterized as a very multifunctional cell type with a spectrum of phenotypes and functions being observed spatially and temporally in various disease states. Ample studies have now demonstrated a possible causal link between macrophage activation and the development of autoimmune disorders. How these cells may be contributing to the adaptive immune response and potentially perpetuating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and neural injuries is not fully understood. Within this review, we hope to illustrate the role that macrophages and microglia play as initiators of adaptive immune response in various CNS diseases by offering evidence of: (1) the types of immune responses and the processes of antigen presentation in each disease, (2) receptors involved in macrophage/microglial phagocytosis of disease-related cell debris or molecules, and, finally, (3) the implications of macrophages/microglia on the pathogenesis of the diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:24:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8249e3e18f2f4d7c9798cdb1dbeb9f9d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:24:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-8249e3e18f2f4d7c9798cdb1dbeb9f9d2023-11-17T11:41:02ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01246592510.3390/ijms24065925Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System DiseasesMichael Poppell0Grace Hammel1Yi Ren2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USAMacrophages can be characterized as a very multifunctional cell type with a spectrum of phenotypes and functions being observed spatially and temporally in various disease states. Ample studies have now demonstrated a possible causal link between macrophage activation and the development of autoimmune disorders. How these cells may be contributing to the adaptive immune response and potentially perpetuating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and neural injuries is not fully understood. Within this review, we hope to illustrate the role that macrophages and microglia play as initiators of adaptive immune response in various CNS diseases by offering evidence of: (1) the types of immune responses and the processes of antigen presentation in each disease, (2) receptors involved in macrophage/microglial phagocytosis of disease-related cell debris or molecules, and, finally, (3) the implications of macrophages/microglia on the pathogenesis of the diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5925multiple sclerosisAlzheimer’s diseaseParkinson’s diseasespinal cord injurytraumatic brain injuryimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Michael Poppell Grace Hammel Yi Ren Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases International Journal of Molecular Sciences multiple sclerosis Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease spinal cord injury traumatic brain injury immune response |
| title | Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases |
| title_full | Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases |
| title_short | Immune Regulatory Functions of Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Diseases |
| title_sort | immune regulatory functions of macrophages and microglia in central nervous system diseases |
| topic | multiple sclerosis Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease spinal cord injury traumatic brain injury immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5925 |
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