Verification of tribo-reduction of copper oxide in phenolic composite material through visualization of friction surface
The surface of phenolic composite material was continuously observed through borosilicate glass (BK7) during friction to verify the tribo-reduction of copper oxide (CuO) taking place at the interface. Two types of pad samples were slid against a rotating BK7 glass disk. These pad samples were made u...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Japanese |
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The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Nihon Kikai Gakkai ronbunshu |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transjsme/84/866/84_18-00231/_pdf/-char/en |
| _version_ | 1798015111722434560 |
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| author | Katsuya OKAYAMA Ken'ichi HIRATSUKA |
| author_facet | Katsuya OKAYAMA Ken'ichi HIRATSUKA |
| author_sort | Katsuya OKAYAMA |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The surface of phenolic composite material was continuously observed through borosilicate glass (BK7) during friction to verify the tribo-reduction of copper oxide (CuO) taking place at the interface. Two types of pad samples were slid against a rotating BK7 glass disk. These pad samples were made up of selected components, one of which contained CuO as an additive, from a commercial brake pad. During rubbing, dark wear tracks appeared on both pads, where debris generation and its flow were so frequent that the temporal change of these tracks was extremely fast. Using laser microscope after the friction test, small metallic spots were clearly visible on the dark wear tracks of the pad that had contained CuO. The EPMA analysis of these spots showed that the main component was Cu itself. This means that CuO was reduced to Cu, i.e. tribo-reduction took place on the dark wear tracks. Pad friction surface was also observed during friction in relatively dimmed light conditions. The orange luminescence from some spots on the dark wear tracks appeared. The orange color suggested that the temperature of these spots reached significantly high. Heating experiments evidenced that CuO powder, when mixed with phenolic resin powder, was reduced to Cu at 300 °C or higher associated with the weight decrease of mixed powder. Therefore, the luminescence at the surface indicated that the temperature was high enough to cause the degradation of phenolic resin, which promoted the reduction of CuO. It was thus confirmed from the chemical composition and luminescence color that CuO in phenolic composite material was reduced to copper during friction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:29:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8256cf28d532481788bff351d0016ff6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2187-9761 |
| language | Japanese |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:29:15Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nihon Kikai Gakkai ronbunshu |
| spelling | doaj.art-8256cf28d532481788bff351d0016ff62022-12-22T04:16:11ZjpnThe Japan Society of Mechanical EngineersNihon Kikai Gakkai ronbunshu2187-97612018-09-018486618-0023118-0023110.1299/transjsme.18-00231transjsmeVerification of tribo-reduction of copper oxide in phenolic composite material through visualization of friction surfaceKatsuya OKAYAMA0Ken'ichi HIRATSUKA1Friction materials development Dept., ADVICS Co., Ltd.Department of Innovative Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Chiba Institute of TechnologyThe surface of phenolic composite material was continuously observed through borosilicate glass (BK7) during friction to verify the tribo-reduction of copper oxide (CuO) taking place at the interface. Two types of pad samples were slid against a rotating BK7 glass disk. These pad samples were made up of selected components, one of which contained CuO as an additive, from a commercial brake pad. During rubbing, dark wear tracks appeared on both pads, where debris generation and its flow were so frequent that the temporal change of these tracks was extremely fast. Using laser microscope after the friction test, small metallic spots were clearly visible on the dark wear tracks of the pad that had contained CuO. The EPMA analysis of these spots showed that the main component was Cu itself. This means that CuO was reduced to Cu, i.e. tribo-reduction took place on the dark wear tracks. Pad friction surface was also observed during friction in relatively dimmed light conditions. The orange luminescence from some spots on the dark wear tracks appeared. The orange color suggested that the temperature of these spots reached significantly high. Heating experiments evidenced that CuO powder, when mixed with phenolic resin powder, was reduced to Cu at 300 °C or higher associated with the weight decrease of mixed powder. Therefore, the luminescence at the surface indicated that the temperature was high enough to cause the degradation of phenolic resin, which promoted the reduction of CuO. It was thus confirmed from the chemical composition and luminescence color that CuO in phenolic composite material was reduced to copper during friction.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transjsme/84/866/84_18-00231/_pdf/-char/enbrake padweartribologycomposite materialphenolic resinmetal oxidemild weartribo-reductiontribo-degradationvisualization of friction surfacetribo-luminescence |
| spellingShingle | Katsuya OKAYAMA Ken'ichi HIRATSUKA Verification of tribo-reduction of copper oxide in phenolic composite material through visualization of friction surface Nihon Kikai Gakkai ronbunshu brake pad wear tribology composite material phenolic resin metal oxide mild wear tribo-reduction tribo-degradation visualization of friction surface tribo-luminescence |
| title | Verification of tribo-reduction of copper oxide in phenolic composite material through visualization of friction surface |
| title_full | Verification of tribo-reduction of copper oxide in phenolic composite material through visualization of friction surface |
| title_fullStr | Verification of tribo-reduction of copper oxide in phenolic composite material through visualization of friction surface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Verification of tribo-reduction of copper oxide in phenolic composite material through visualization of friction surface |
| title_short | Verification of tribo-reduction of copper oxide in phenolic composite material through visualization of friction surface |
| title_sort | verification of tribo reduction of copper oxide in phenolic composite material through visualization of friction surface |
| topic | brake pad wear tribology composite material phenolic resin metal oxide mild wear tribo-reduction tribo-degradation visualization of friction surface tribo-luminescence |
| url | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/transjsme/84/866/84_18-00231/_pdf/-char/en |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katsuyaokayama verificationoftriboreductionofcopperoxideinphenoliccompositematerialthroughvisualizationoffrictionsurface AT kenaposichihiratsuka verificationoftriboreductionofcopperoxideinphenoliccompositematerialthroughvisualizationoffrictionsurface |