| Summary: | Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to confirm the safety and feasibility of the induction of robotic-assisted laparoscopic rectal surgery (RRS) at a local municipal hospital. A municipal hospital does not indicate a small hospital. The most significant difference between a municipal hospital and a center or university hospital is that most surgeons in a municipal hospital are general surgeons. Methods: The first 30 patients who underwent RRS at the municipal hospital were enrolled between April 2015 and June 2016. All surgeries were performed by a single trained surgeon using the da VinciⓇ Si surgical system. The primary endpoint was the incidence of postoperative major complications. Results: Of the study patients, 29 had adenocarcinoma and 1 had ulcerative colitis. The surgical procedures included anterior resection (n = 22), intersphincteric resection (n = 2), abdominoperineal resection (n = 4), Hartmann's procedure (n = 1), and total coloproctectomy (n = 1). There were no intraoperative complications and conversion cases. The median operative time and blood loss were 283.5 min and 9 ml, respectively. The incidence rate of postoperative major complications was 10%, which included anastomotic leakage in 2 patients and ileus in 1 patient. Postoperative urinary dysfunction did not occur in any patient. Complete resection was achieved for all patients. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the induction of RRS was safe and feasible, even at a local municipal hospital, given that the surgeons had the sufficient skills and experience in both laparoscopic and colorectal surgery. *The study protocol was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000017022).
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