Monitoring Water and Soil Salinity across Mentor Marsh to Investigate Their Temporal and Spatial Variability
In this study, the surface water salinity of Mentor Marsh, located in Northern Ohio, USA, was monitored for 3 years by establishing 10 monitoring stations, whereas sporadic surface water salinity data were recorded at more than 30 locations in the marsh for 5 years. In addition, eight additional mon...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/23/4172 |
| _version_ | 1797399501763248128 |
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| author | Suresh Sharma Rajesh Bhatt |
| author_facet | Suresh Sharma Rajesh Bhatt |
| author_sort | Suresh Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the surface water salinity of Mentor Marsh, located in Northern Ohio, USA, was monitored for 3 years by establishing 10 monitoring stations, whereas sporadic surface water salinity data were recorded at more than 30 locations in the marsh for 5 years. In addition, eight additional monitoring stations were established for recording the soil salinity at various temporal scales, whereas spatially distributed soil salinity was measured across the marsh in more than 500 locations to develop the salinity mapping in the soil using the Kriging-Gaussian method. Our analysis suggested that the water salinity in the winter was generally higher than in the summer. While the majority of the sites reported higher soil salinity characterized by high variability during the winter season, some sites reported a higher soil salinity in summer with less variability. The analysis revealed that the salt used on the road for the deicing purpose during the snowfall period was the primary reason for the increase in the salinity concentration in water in the western basin of Mentor Marsh, whereas the salt fill sites and brine well were primarily responsible for the higher salinity concentration in the eastern basin. Also, the drainage from the Morton Salt Company was a contributing factor to the sudden spike in some of the stations of the eastern basin. Both the surface water and soil salinity were relatively higher in the eastern basin than in the western basin. Apparently, salinity from the brine well field and salt fill sites seem to be more considerable than the road salt. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:40:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82621e2f493f4b33bcd5b998a4d0fffa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:40:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-82621e2f493f4b33bcd5b998a4d0fffa2023-12-08T15:28:46ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-12-011523417210.3390/w15234172Monitoring Water and Soil Salinity across Mentor Marsh to Investigate Their Temporal and Spatial VariabilitySuresh Sharma0Rajesh Bhatt1Civil and Environmental Engineering, Youngstown State University, One Tressel Way, Youngstown, OH 44555, USACivil and Environmental Engineering, Youngstown State University, One Tressel Way, Youngstown, OH 44555, USAIn this study, the surface water salinity of Mentor Marsh, located in Northern Ohio, USA, was monitored for 3 years by establishing 10 monitoring stations, whereas sporadic surface water salinity data were recorded at more than 30 locations in the marsh for 5 years. In addition, eight additional monitoring stations were established for recording the soil salinity at various temporal scales, whereas spatially distributed soil salinity was measured across the marsh in more than 500 locations to develop the salinity mapping in the soil using the Kriging-Gaussian method. Our analysis suggested that the water salinity in the winter was generally higher than in the summer. While the majority of the sites reported higher soil salinity characterized by high variability during the winter season, some sites reported a higher soil salinity in summer with less variability. The analysis revealed that the salt used on the road for the deicing purpose during the snowfall period was the primary reason for the increase in the salinity concentration in water in the western basin of Mentor Marsh, whereas the salt fill sites and brine well were primarily responsible for the higher salinity concentration in the eastern basin. Also, the drainage from the Morton Salt Company was a contributing factor to the sudden spike in some of the stations of the eastern basin. Both the surface water and soil salinity were relatively higher in the eastern basin than in the western basin. Apparently, salinity from the brine well field and salt fill sites seem to be more considerable than the road salt.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/23/4172phragmitessoil moistureroad saltsalt fill sitesKriging-Gaussian |
| spellingShingle | Suresh Sharma Rajesh Bhatt Monitoring Water and Soil Salinity across Mentor Marsh to Investigate Their Temporal and Spatial Variability Water phragmites soil moisture road salt salt fill sites Kriging-Gaussian |
| title | Monitoring Water and Soil Salinity across Mentor Marsh to Investigate Their Temporal and Spatial Variability |
| title_full | Monitoring Water and Soil Salinity across Mentor Marsh to Investigate Their Temporal and Spatial Variability |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring Water and Soil Salinity across Mentor Marsh to Investigate Their Temporal and Spatial Variability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring Water and Soil Salinity across Mentor Marsh to Investigate Their Temporal and Spatial Variability |
| title_short | Monitoring Water and Soil Salinity across Mentor Marsh to Investigate Their Temporal and Spatial Variability |
| title_sort | monitoring water and soil salinity across mentor marsh to investigate their temporal and spatial variability |
| topic | phragmites soil moisture road salt salt fill sites Kriging-Gaussian |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/23/4172 |
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