Differential Gene Expression of Efflux Pumps and Porins in Clinical Isolates of MDR <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
Background: <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is an opportunistic pathogen associated with healthcare infections and high mortality rates in intensive care units all over the globe. Porins and efflux pumps over-expression have been reported as contributing factors in escalating drug resista...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Life |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/3/419 |
| _version_ | 1797446015839633408 |
|---|---|
| author | Khalid I. AlQumaizi Sunil Kumar Razique Anwer Shoeb Mustafa |
| author_facet | Khalid I. AlQumaizi Sunil Kumar Razique Anwer Shoeb Mustafa |
| author_sort | Khalid I. AlQumaizi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is an opportunistic pathogen associated with healthcare infections and high mortality rates in intensive care units all over the globe. Porins and efflux pumps over-expression have been reported as contributing factors in escalating drug resistance and rendering treatment ineffective. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in <i>A. baumannii</i> clinical isolates. Methods: A total of 30 <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were included in the present study from Nehru Hospital (PGIMER-Chandigarh) located in North India. Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay and MIC were performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Screening of beta-lactamases was performed using PCR. Relative gene expression of four RND, one MATE efflux pump, and two outer membrane proteins were determined using RT-PCR. Molecular typing of 22 isolates was carried out using MLST Oxford scheme. Results: <i>CarO</i> porin genes showed over-expression in 63% isolates followed by adeGandabeM efflux pump downregulation/underexpression (<0.5 fold), suggesting the carbapenem-susceptible phenotypic nature of the isolates. High prevalence of VIM-2, NDM-1, and OXA-23 genes was observed in <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates. Interestingly, NDM-1 and OXA-58 were traced in 10 and3 <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates respectively; 13 of 22 (59%) isolates showed novel Sequence Types (STs) in the Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis. ST 1087 was most commonly found ST among all others (16 STs). Conclusions: This study indicated a possible role of <i>carO</i> porin genes and adeG (RND) andabeM (MATE) efflux pumps in carbapenem susceptibility of <i>A. baumannii</i>. New STs were also reported in the majority of the isolates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:34:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82638e50c35c4a1aa03ead598e43b712 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:34:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-82638e50c35c4a1aa03ead598e43b7122023-11-30T21:14:26ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-03-0112341910.3390/life12030419Differential Gene Expression of Efflux Pumps and Porins in Clinical Isolates of MDR <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>Khalid I. AlQumaizi0Sunil Kumar1Razique Anwer2Shoeb Mustafa3Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, AlMareefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, IndiaDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317-4233, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317-4233, Saudi ArabiaBackground: <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is an opportunistic pathogen associated with healthcare infections and high mortality rates in intensive care units all over the globe. Porins and efflux pumps over-expression have been reported as contributing factors in escalating drug resistance and rendering treatment ineffective. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in <i>A. baumannii</i> clinical isolates. Methods: A total of 30 <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were included in the present study from Nehru Hospital (PGIMER-Chandigarh) located in North India. Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay and MIC were performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Screening of beta-lactamases was performed using PCR. Relative gene expression of four RND, one MATE efflux pump, and two outer membrane proteins were determined using RT-PCR. Molecular typing of 22 isolates was carried out using MLST Oxford scheme. Results: <i>CarO</i> porin genes showed over-expression in 63% isolates followed by adeGandabeM efflux pump downregulation/underexpression (<0.5 fold), suggesting the carbapenem-susceptible phenotypic nature of the isolates. High prevalence of VIM-2, NDM-1, and OXA-23 genes was observed in <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates. Interestingly, NDM-1 and OXA-58 were traced in 10 and3 <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates respectively; 13 of 22 (59%) isolates showed novel Sequence Types (STs) in the Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis. ST 1087 was most commonly found ST among all others (16 STs). Conclusions: This study indicated a possible role of <i>carO</i> porin genes and adeG (RND) andabeM (MATE) efflux pumps in carbapenem susceptibility of <i>A. baumannii</i>. New STs were also reported in the majority of the isolates.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/3/419<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>efflux pumpsgene expressionmultidrug resistanceRT-PCR |
| spellingShingle | Khalid I. AlQumaizi Sunil Kumar Razique Anwer Shoeb Mustafa Differential Gene Expression of Efflux Pumps and Porins in Clinical Isolates of MDR <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Life <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> efflux pumps gene expression multidrug resistance RT-PCR |
| title | Differential Gene Expression of Efflux Pumps and Porins in Clinical Isolates of MDR <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> |
| title_full | Differential Gene Expression of Efflux Pumps and Porins in Clinical Isolates of MDR <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> |
| title_fullStr | Differential Gene Expression of Efflux Pumps and Porins in Clinical Isolates of MDR <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Gene Expression of Efflux Pumps and Porins in Clinical Isolates of MDR <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> |
| title_short | Differential Gene Expression of Efflux Pumps and Porins in Clinical Isolates of MDR <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> |
| title_sort | differential gene expression of efflux pumps and porins in clinical isolates of mdr i acinetobacter baumannii i |
| topic | <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> efflux pumps gene expression multidrug resistance RT-PCR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/3/419 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khalidialqumaizi differentialgeneexpressionofeffluxpumpsandporinsinclinicalisolatesofmdriacinetobacterbaumanniii AT sunilkumar differentialgeneexpressionofeffluxpumpsandporinsinclinicalisolatesofmdriacinetobacterbaumanniii AT raziqueanwer differentialgeneexpressionofeffluxpumpsandporinsinclinicalisolatesofmdriacinetobacterbaumanniii AT shoebmustafa differentialgeneexpressionofeffluxpumpsandporinsinclinicalisolatesofmdriacinetobacterbaumanniii |