First Evaluation of Field Evolved Resistance to Commonly Used Insecticides in House Fly Populations from Saudi Arabian Dairy Farms
The house fly, <i>Musca domestica</i> L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the major vectors of several pathogens that affect humans and animals. We evaluated the toxicity of eight insecticides commonly used for house fly control using five field populations collected from dairies in Riyadh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/12/1120 |
| _version_ | 1797503583448465408 |
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| author | Abdulwahab M. Hafez |
| author_facet | Abdulwahab M. Hafez |
| author_sort | Abdulwahab M. Hafez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The house fly, <i>Musca domestica</i> L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the major vectors of several pathogens that affect humans and animals. We evaluated the toxicity of eight insecticides commonly used for house fly control using five field populations collected from dairies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Among the five tested pyrethroids, non to moderate resistance was found in adults of both sexes compared to a susceptible strain. Resistance ratios ranged from 0.5- to 7-fold for alpha-cypermethrin, 2- to 21-fold for deltamethrin, 4- to 19-fold for bifenthrin, 1- to 9-fold for cyfluthrin, and 1- to 8-fold for cypermethrin. Among the three tested organophosphates, low to moderate resistance was found among adult flies compared to the susceptible strain, and the resistance ratios ranged from 4- to 27-fold for fenitrothion, 2- to 14-fold for chlorpyrifos, and 3- to 12-fold for malathion. The median lethal times for the tested insecticides were 3–33 h for alpha-cypermethrin, 3–24 h for deltamethrin, 5–59 h for bifenthrin, 1–7 h for cypermethrin, 0.3–7 h for cyfluthrin, 6–36 h for fenitrothion, 2–21 h for chlorpyrifos, and 3–34 h for malathion. This study presents baseline data pertaining to registered public health insecticides, and the results will assist future studies monitoring insecticide resistance, and the planning of effective integrated vector management programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82857ce3fd2843dcab2f0261613d37f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-82857ce3fd2843dcab2f0261613d37f92023-11-23T08:53:09ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-12-011212112010.3390/insects12121120First Evaluation of Field Evolved Resistance to Commonly Used Insecticides in House Fly Populations from Saudi Arabian Dairy FarmsAbdulwahab M. Hafez0Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThe house fly, <i>Musca domestica</i> L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the major vectors of several pathogens that affect humans and animals. We evaluated the toxicity of eight insecticides commonly used for house fly control using five field populations collected from dairies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Among the five tested pyrethroids, non to moderate resistance was found in adults of both sexes compared to a susceptible strain. Resistance ratios ranged from 0.5- to 7-fold for alpha-cypermethrin, 2- to 21-fold for deltamethrin, 4- to 19-fold for bifenthrin, 1- to 9-fold for cyfluthrin, and 1- to 8-fold for cypermethrin. Among the three tested organophosphates, low to moderate resistance was found among adult flies compared to the susceptible strain, and the resistance ratios ranged from 4- to 27-fold for fenitrothion, 2- to 14-fold for chlorpyrifos, and 3- to 12-fold for malathion. The median lethal times for the tested insecticides were 3–33 h for alpha-cypermethrin, 3–24 h for deltamethrin, 5–59 h for bifenthrin, 1–7 h for cypermethrin, 0.3–7 h for cyfluthrin, 6–36 h for fenitrothion, 2–21 h for chlorpyrifos, and 3–34 h for malathion. This study presents baseline data pertaining to registered public health insecticides, and the results will assist future studies monitoring insecticide resistance, and the planning of effective integrated vector management programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/12/1120integrated vector managementtoxicitypublic health insecticides<i>Musca domestica</i><i>Muscidae</i>vector borne diseases |
| spellingShingle | Abdulwahab M. Hafez First Evaluation of Field Evolved Resistance to Commonly Used Insecticides in House Fly Populations from Saudi Arabian Dairy Farms Insects integrated vector management toxicity public health insecticides <i>Musca domestica</i> <i>Muscidae</i> vector borne diseases |
| title | First Evaluation of Field Evolved Resistance to Commonly Used Insecticides in House Fly Populations from Saudi Arabian Dairy Farms |
| title_full | First Evaluation of Field Evolved Resistance to Commonly Used Insecticides in House Fly Populations from Saudi Arabian Dairy Farms |
| title_fullStr | First Evaluation of Field Evolved Resistance to Commonly Used Insecticides in House Fly Populations from Saudi Arabian Dairy Farms |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Evaluation of Field Evolved Resistance to Commonly Used Insecticides in House Fly Populations from Saudi Arabian Dairy Farms |
| title_short | First Evaluation of Field Evolved Resistance to Commonly Used Insecticides in House Fly Populations from Saudi Arabian Dairy Farms |
| title_sort | first evaluation of field evolved resistance to commonly used insecticides in house fly populations from saudi arabian dairy farms |
| topic | integrated vector management toxicity public health insecticides <i>Musca domestica</i> <i>Muscidae</i> vector borne diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/12/1120 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abdulwahabmhafez firstevaluationoffieldevolvedresistancetocommonlyusedinsecticidesinhouseflypopulationsfromsaudiarabiandairyfarms |