Assessment of Tissue Specific Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Alkaloids in <i>Alstonia scholaris</i>
<i>Alstonia scholaris</i> is a well-known source of alkaloids and widely recognized for therapeutic purposes to treat the ailments in human and livestock. However, the composition and production of alkaloids vary due to tissue specific metabolism and seasonal variation. This study invest...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/607 |
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| author | Rohit Mahar Nagarajan Manivel Sanjeev Kanojiya Dipak K. Mishra Sanjeev K. Shukla |
| author_facet | Rohit Mahar Nagarajan Manivel Sanjeev Kanojiya Dipak K. Mishra Sanjeev K. Shukla |
| author_sort | Rohit Mahar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Alstonia scholaris</i> is a well-known source of alkaloids and widely recognized for therapeutic purposes to treat the ailments in human and livestock. However, the composition and production of alkaloids vary due to tissue specific metabolism and seasonal variation. This study investigated alkaloids in leaves, stems, trunk barks, fruits, and flowers of <i>A. scholaris</i>. The impact of seasonal changes on the production of alkaloids in the leaves of <i>A. scholaris</i> was also investigated. One and two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments were utilized for the characterization of alkaloids and total eight alkaloids (picrinine, picralinal, akuammidine, 19 <i>S</i> scholaricine, 19,20 <i>E</i> vallesamine, Nb-demethylalstogustine N-Oxide, Nb-demethylalstogustine, and echitamine) were characterized and quantified. Quantitative and multivariate analysis suggested that the alkaloids content is tissue specific, illustrating the effect of plant tissue organization on alkaloidal production in <i>A. scholaris</i>. The results suggest that the best part to obtain alkaloids is trunk barks, since it contains 7 alkaloids. However, the best part for isolating picrinine, picralinal, akuammidine, 19 <i>S</i> scholaricine, and 19,20 <i>E</i> vallesamine is fruit, since it shows highest amount of these alkaloids. Undoubtedly, NMR and statistical methods are very helpful to differentiate the profile of alkaloids in <i>A. scholaris</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:23:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8285ee4ea43942f787d5292604947ae0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:23:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-8285ee4ea43942f787d5292604947ae02023-11-30T21:26:39ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-06-0112760710.3390/metabo12070607Assessment of Tissue Specific Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Alkaloids in <i>Alstonia scholaris</i>Rohit Mahar0Nagarajan Manivel1Sanjeev Kanojiya2Dipak K. Mishra3Sanjeev K. Shukla4Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, IndiaSophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, IndiaSophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, IndiaSophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, IndiaSophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India<i>Alstonia scholaris</i> is a well-known source of alkaloids and widely recognized for therapeutic purposes to treat the ailments in human and livestock. However, the composition and production of alkaloids vary due to tissue specific metabolism and seasonal variation. This study investigated alkaloids in leaves, stems, trunk barks, fruits, and flowers of <i>A. scholaris</i>. The impact of seasonal changes on the production of alkaloids in the leaves of <i>A. scholaris</i> was also investigated. One and two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments were utilized for the characterization of alkaloids and total eight alkaloids (picrinine, picralinal, akuammidine, 19 <i>S</i> scholaricine, 19,20 <i>E</i> vallesamine, Nb-demethylalstogustine N-Oxide, Nb-demethylalstogustine, and echitamine) were characterized and quantified. Quantitative and multivariate analysis suggested that the alkaloids content is tissue specific, illustrating the effect of plant tissue organization on alkaloidal production in <i>A. scholaris</i>. The results suggest that the best part to obtain alkaloids is trunk barks, since it contains 7 alkaloids. However, the best part for isolating picrinine, picralinal, akuammidine, 19 <i>S</i> scholaricine, and 19,20 <i>E</i> vallesamine is fruit, since it shows highest amount of these alkaloids. Undoubtedly, NMR and statistical methods are very helpful to differentiate the profile of alkaloids in <i>A. scholaris</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/607metabolic profilingmultivariate analysisclustering analysisquantitative analysischemical shift |
| spellingShingle | Rohit Mahar Nagarajan Manivel Sanjeev Kanojiya Dipak K. Mishra Sanjeev K. Shukla Assessment of Tissue Specific Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Alkaloids in <i>Alstonia scholaris</i> Metabolites metabolic profiling multivariate analysis clustering analysis quantitative analysis chemical shift |
| title | Assessment of Tissue Specific Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Alkaloids in <i>Alstonia scholaris</i> |
| title_full | Assessment of Tissue Specific Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Alkaloids in <i>Alstonia scholaris</i> |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Tissue Specific Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Alkaloids in <i>Alstonia scholaris</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Tissue Specific Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Alkaloids in <i>Alstonia scholaris</i> |
| title_short | Assessment of Tissue Specific Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Alkaloids in <i>Alstonia scholaris</i> |
| title_sort | assessment of tissue specific distribution and seasonal variation of alkaloids in i alstonia scholaris i |
| topic | metabolic profiling multivariate analysis clustering analysis quantitative analysis chemical shift |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/7/607 |
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