Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions and Meteorological Variation on Hg Wet Deposition in Chongming, China
Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that has caused global concern due to its persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment. Wet deposition is a crucial Hg input for both terrestrial and aquatic environments and is a significant indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of anth...
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/12/1301 |
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| author | Yi Tang Qingru Wu Wei Gao Shuxiao Wang Zhijian Li Kaiyun Liu Deming Han |
| author_facet | Yi Tang Qingru Wu Wei Gao Shuxiao Wang Zhijian Li Kaiyun Liu Deming Han |
| author_sort | Yi Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that has caused global concern due to its persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment. Wet deposition is a crucial Hg input for both terrestrial and aquatic environments and is a significant indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of anthropogenic Hg control. Rainwater samples were collected from May 2014 to October 2018 in Chongming Island to understand the multi-year Hg wet deposition characteristics. The annual Hg wet deposition flux ranged from 2.6 to 9.8 μg m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> (mean: 4.9 μg m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). Hg wet deposition flux in Chongming was comparable to the observations at temperate and subtropical background sites (2.0–10.2 μg m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) in the northern hemisphere. Hg wet deposition flux decreased from 8.6 μg m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> in 2014–2015 to 3.8 μg m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> in 2016 and was attributed to a decrease in the volume-weighted mean (VWM) Hg concentration (−4.1 ng L<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). The reduced VWM Hg was explained by the decreasing atmospheric Hg and anthropogenic emissions reductions. The annual Hg wet deposition flux further decreased from 3.8 μg m<sup>−2</sup> in 2016 to 2.6 μg m<sup>−2</sup> in 2018. The reduction of warm season (April–September) rainfall amounts (356–845 mm) mainly contributed to the Hg wet deposition flux reduction during 2016–2018. The multi-year monitoring results suggest that long-term measurements are necessary when using wet deposition as an indicator to reflect the impact of anthropogenic efforts on mercury pollution control and meteorological condition variations. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:26:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-829120756c944d0aa5b0068e43f441a42023-11-20T22:59:44ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-11-011112130110.3390/atmos11121301Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions and Meteorological Variation on Hg Wet Deposition in Chongming, ChinaYi Tang0Qingru Wu1Wei Gao2Shuxiao Wang3Zhijian Li4Kaiyun Liu5Deming Han6State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaYangtze River Delta Center for Environmental Meteorology Prediction and Warning, Shanghai 20030, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaMercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that has caused global concern due to its persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment. Wet deposition is a crucial Hg input for both terrestrial and aquatic environments and is a significant indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of anthropogenic Hg control. Rainwater samples were collected from May 2014 to October 2018 in Chongming Island to understand the multi-year Hg wet deposition characteristics. The annual Hg wet deposition flux ranged from 2.6 to 9.8 μg m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> (mean: 4.9 μg m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). Hg wet deposition flux in Chongming was comparable to the observations at temperate and subtropical background sites (2.0–10.2 μg m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) in the northern hemisphere. Hg wet deposition flux decreased from 8.6 μg m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> in 2014–2015 to 3.8 μg m<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> in 2016 and was attributed to a decrease in the volume-weighted mean (VWM) Hg concentration (−4.1 ng L<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). The reduced VWM Hg was explained by the decreasing atmospheric Hg and anthropogenic emissions reductions. The annual Hg wet deposition flux further decreased from 3.8 μg m<sup>−2</sup> in 2016 to 2.6 μg m<sup>−2</sup> in 2018. The reduction of warm season (April–September) rainfall amounts (356–845 mm) mainly contributed to the Hg wet deposition flux reduction during 2016–2018. The multi-year monitoring results suggest that long-term measurements are necessary when using wet deposition as an indicator to reflect the impact of anthropogenic efforts on mercury pollution control and meteorological condition variations.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/12/1301Hg wet deposition fluxVWM Hg concentrationsChongminganthropogenic emissionsmeteorological condition |
| spellingShingle | Yi Tang Qingru Wu Wei Gao Shuxiao Wang Zhijian Li Kaiyun Liu Deming Han Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions and Meteorological Variation on Hg Wet Deposition in Chongming, China Atmosphere Hg wet deposition flux VWM Hg concentrations Chongming anthropogenic emissions meteorological condition |
| title | Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions and Meteorological Variation on Hg Wet Deposition in Chongming, China |
| title_full | Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions and Meteorological Variation on Hg Wet Deposition in Chongming, China |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions and Meteorological Variation on Hg Wet Deposition in Chongming, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions and Meteorological Variation on Hg Wet Deposition in Chongming, China |
| title_short | Impacts of Anthropogenic Emissions and Meteorological Variation on Hg Wet Deposition in Chongming, China |
| title_sort | impacts of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological variation on hg wet deposition in chongming china |
| topic | Hg wet deposition flux VWM Hg concentrations Chongming anthropogenic emissions meteorological condition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/12/1301 |
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