Meta-Analysis of Immune Induced Gene Expression Changes in Diverse <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Innate Immune Responses
Organisms are commonly infected by a diverse array of pathogens and mount functionally distinct responses to each of these varied immune challenges. Host immune responses are characterized by the induction of gene expression, however, the extent to which expression changes are shared among responses...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/5/490 |
| _version_ | 1797498948280123392 |
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| author | Ashley L. Waring Joshua Hill Brooke M. Allen Nicholas M. Bretz Nguyen Le Pooja Kr Dakota Fuss Nathan T. Mortimer |
| author_facet | Ashley L. Waring Joshua Hill Brooke M. Allen Nicholas M. Bretz Nguyen Le Pooja Kr Dakota Fuss Nathan T. Mortimer |
| author_sort | Ashley L. Waring |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organisms are commonly infected by a diverse array of pathogens and mount functionally distinct responses to each of these varied immune challenges. Host immune responses are characterized by the induction of gene expression, however, the extent to which expression changes are shared among responses to distinct pathogens is largely unknown. To examine this, we performed meta-analysis of gene expression data collected from <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> following infection with a wide array of pathogens. We identified 62 genes that are significantly induced by infection. While many of these infection-induced genes encode known immune response factors, we also identified 21 genes that have not been previously associated with host immunity. Examination of the upstream flanking sequences of the infection-induced genes lead to the identification of two conserved enhancer sites. These sites correspond to conserved binding sites for GATA and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) family transcription factors and are associated with higher levels of transcript induction. We further identified 31 genes with predicted functions in metabolism and organismal development that are significantly downregulated following infection by diverse pathogens. Our study identifies conserved gene expression changes in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> following infection with varied pathogens, and transcription factor families that may regulate this immune induction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-829f79a131fc4c08850ebf551c6a2138 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-829f79a131fc4c08850ebf551c6a21382023-11-23T11:32:24ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-05-0113549010.3390/insects13050490Meta-Analysis of Immune Induced Gene Expression Changes in Diverse <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Innate Immune ResponsesAshley L. Waring0Joshua Hill1Brooke M. Allen2Nicholas M. Bretz3Nguyen Le4Pooja Kr5Dakota Fuss6Nathan T. Mortimer7School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USASchool of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USASchool of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USASchool of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USASchool of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USASchool of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USASchool of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USASchool of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USAOrganisms are commonly infected by a diverse array of pathogens and mount functionally distinct responses to each of these varied immune challenges. Host immune responses are characterized by the induction of gene expression, however, the extent to which expression changes are shared among responses to distinct pathogens is largely unknown. To examine this, we performed meta-analysis of gene expression data collected from <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> following infection with a wide array of pathogens. We identified 62 genes that are significantly induced by infection. While many of these infection-induced genes encode known immune response factors, we also identified 21 genes that have not been previously associated with host immunity. Examination of the upstream flanking sequences of the infection-induced genes lead to the identification of two conserved enhancer sites. These sites correspond to conserved binding sites for GATA and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) family transcription factors and are associated with higher levels of transcript induction. We further identified 31 genes with predicted functions in metabolism and organismal development that are significantly downregulated following infection by diverse pathogens. Our study identifies conserved gene expression changes in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> following infection with varied pathogens, and transcription factor families that may regulate this immune induction.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/5/490<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>innate immunitygene expressiontranscriptome analysispathogen infection |
| spellingShingle | Ashley L. Waring Joshua Hill Brooke M. Allen Nicholas M. Bretz Nguyen Le Pooja Kr Dakota Fuss Nathan T. Mortimer Meta-Analysis of Immune Induced Gene Expression Changes in Diverse <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Innate Immune Responses Insects <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> innate immunity gene expression transcriptome analysis pathogen infection |
| title | Meta-Analysis of Immune Induced Gene Expression Changes in Diverse <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Innate Immune Responses |
| title_full | Meta-Analysis of Immune Induced Gene Expression Changes in Diverse <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Innate Immune Responses |
| title_fullStr | Meta-Analysis of Immune Induced Gene Expression Changes in Diverse <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Innate Immune Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Meta-Analysis of Immune Induced Gene Expression Changes in Diverse <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Innate Immune Responses |
| title_short | Meta-Analysis of Immune Induced Gene Expression Changes in Diverse <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Innate Immune Responses |
| title_sort | meta analysis of immune induced gene expression changes in diverse i drosophila melanogaster i innate immune responses |
| topic | <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> innate immunity gene expression transcriptome analysis pathogen infection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/5/490 |
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