Global negative emissions capacity of ocean macronutrient fertilization

In order to meet the goal of limiting global average temperature increase to less than 2 °C, it is increasingly apparent that negative emissions technologies of up to 10 Pg C yr ^−1 will be needed before the end of the century. Recent research indicates that fertilization of the ocean with the macro...

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Main Author: Daniel P Harrison
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2017-01-01
Series:Environmental Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5ef5
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author_facet Daniel P Harrison
author_sort Daniel P Harrison
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description In order to meet the goal of limiting global average temperature increase to less than 2 °C, it is increasingly apparent that negative emissions technologies of up to 10 Pg C yr ^−1 will be needed before the end of the century. Recent research indicates that fertilization of the ocean with the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus where they limit primary production, may have sequestration advantages over fertilizing iron limited regions. Utilizing global datasets of oceanographic field measurements, and output from a high resolution global circulation model, the current study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the global potential for carbon sequestration from ocean macronutrient fertilization (OMF). Sufficient excess phosphate exists outside the iron limited surface ocean to support once-off sequestration of up to 3.6 Pg C by fertilization with nitrogen. Ongoing maximum capacity of nitrogen only fertilization is estimated at 0.7 ± 0.4 Pg C yr ^−1 . Sequestration capacity is expected to decrease from the upper toward the lower bound over time under continued intense fertilization. If N and P were used in combination the capacity is ultimately limited by societies willingness to utilize phosphate resources. Doubling current phosphate production would allow an additional 0.9 Pg C yr ^−1 and consume 0.07% yr ^−1 of known global resources. Therefore offsetting up to around 15% (1.5 Pg C yr ^−1 ) of annual global CO _2 emissions is assessed as being technically plausible. Environmental risks which to date have received little quantitative evaluation, could also limit the scale of implementation. These results reinforce the need to consider a multi-faceted approach to greenhouse gasses, including a reduction in emissions coupled with further research into negative emissions technologies.
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spelling doaj.art-82a233d9065c42d785eab20422fbdde72023-08-09T14:30:34ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Letters1748-93262017-01-0112303500110.1088/1748-9326/aa5ef5Global negative emissions capacity of ocean macronutrient fertilizationDaniel P Harrison0University of Sydney Marine Studies Institute, School of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, F09, University of Sydney , NSW, 2006, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science , 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW, 2088, AustraliaIn order to meet the goal of limiting global average temperature increase to less than 2 °C, it is increasingly apparent that negative emissions technologies of up to 10 Pg C yr ^−1 will be needed before the end of the century. Recent research indicates that fertilization of the ocean with the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus where they limit primary production, may have sequestration advantages over fertilizing iron limited regions. Utilizing global datasets of oceanographic field measurements, and output from a high resolution global circulation model, the current study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the global potential for carbon sequestration from ocean macronutrient fertilization (OMF). Sufficient excess phosphate exists outside the iron limited surface ocean to support once-off sequestration of up to 3.6 Pg C by fertilization with nitrogen. Ongoing maximum capacity of nitrogen only fertilization is estimated at 0.7 ± 0.4 Pg C yr ^−1 . Sequestration capacity is expected to decrease from the upper toward the lower bound over time under continued intense fertilization. If N and P were used in combination the capacity is ultimately limited by societies willingness to utilize phosphate resources. Doubling current phosphate production would allow an additional 0.9 Pg C yr ^−1 and consume 0.07% yr ^−1 of known global resources. Therefore offsetting up to around 15% (1.5 Pg C yr ^−1 ) of annual global CO _2 emissions is assessed as being technically plausible. Environmental risks which to date have received little quantitative evaluation, could also limit the scale of implementation. These results reinforce the need to consider a multi-faceted approach to greenhouse gasses, including a reduction in emissions coupled with further research into negative emissions technologies.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5ef5ocean fertilizationnegative emissionscarbon dioxide removalgeoengineeringocean macronutrient fertilizationcarbon sequestration
spellingShingle Daniel P Harrison
Global negative emissions capacity of ocean macronutrient fertilization
Environmental Research Letters
ocean fertilization
negative emissions
carbon dioxide removal
geoengineering
ocean macronutrient fertilization
carbon sequestration
title Global negative emissions capacity of ocean macronutrient fertilization
title_full Global negative emissions capacity of ocean macronutrient fertilization
title_fullStr Global negative emissions capacity of ocean macronutrient fertilization
title_full_unstemmed Global negative emissions capacity of ocean macronutrient fertilization
title_short Global negative emissions capacity of ocean macronutrient fertilization
title_sort global negative emissions capacity of ocean macronutrient fertilization
topic ocean fertilization
negative emissions
carbon dioxide removal
geoengineering
ocean macronutrient fertilization
carbon sequestration
url https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5ef5
work_keys_str_mv AT danielpharrison globalnegativeemissionscapacityofoceanmacronutrientfertilization