Removal of Emerging Contaminants as Diclofenac and Caffeine Using Activated Carbon Obtained from Argan Fruit Shells
Activated carbons from argan nutshells were prepared by chemical activation using phosphoric acid H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. This material was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectrometry, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The adsorption of two em...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/6/2922 |
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| author | Badr Bouhcain Daniela Carrillo-Peña Fouad El Mansouri Yassine Ez Zoubi Raúl Mateos Antonio Morán José María Quiroga Mohammed Hassani Zerrouk |
| author_facet | Badr Bouhcain Daniela Carrillo-Peña Fouad El Mansouri Yassine Ez Zoubi Raúl Mateos Antonio Morán José María Quiroga Mohammed Hassani Zerrouk |
| author_sort | Badr Bouhcain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Activated carbons from argan nutshells were prepared by chemical activation using phosphoric acid H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. This material was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectrometry, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The adsorption of two emerging compounds, a stimulant caffeine and an anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, from distilled water through batch and dynamic tests was investigated. Batch mode experiments were conducted to assess the capacity of adsorption of caffeine and diclofenac from an aqueous solution using the carbon above. Adsorption tests showed that the equilibrium time is 60 and 90 min for diclofenac and caffeine, respectively. The adsorption of diclofenac and caffeine on activated carbon from argan nutshells is described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The highest adsorption capacity determined by the mathematical model of Langmuir is about 126 mg/g for diclofenac and 210 mg/g for caffeine. The thermodynamic parameters attached to the studied absorbent/adsorbate system indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic for diclofenac and endothermic for caffeine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:09:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82a52e9b097949b9bef4d89772ca981a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:09:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-82a52e9b097949b9bef4d89772ca981a2023-11-24T00:21:25ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-03-01126292210.3390/app12062922Removal of Emerging Contaminants as Diclofenac and Caffeine Using Activated Carbon Obtained from Argan Fruit ShellsBadr Bouhcain0Daniela Carrillo-Peña1Fouad El Mansouri2Yassine Ez Zoubi3Raúl Mateos4Antonio Morán5José María Quiroga6Mohammed Hassani Zerrouk7Environmental Technologies, Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-Resources Team, TEBVB, FSTH, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93020, MoroccoChemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute, University of León, 24071 León, SpainLaboratory of Chemical Engineering and Valorisation of Resources, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tangier 416, MoroccoEnvironmental Technologies, Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-Resources Team, TEBVB, FSTH, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93020, MoroccoChemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute, University of León, 24071 León, SpainChemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute, University of León, 24071 León, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Food Technologies and Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz, SpainEnvironmental Technologies, Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-Resources Team, TEBVB, FSTH, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93020, MoroccoActivated carbons from argan nutshells were prepared by chemical activation using phosphoric acid H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. This material was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectrometry, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The adsorption of two emerging compounds, a stimulant caffeine and an anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, from distilled water through batch and dynamic tests was investigated. Batch mode experiments were conducted to assess the capacity of adsorption of caffeine and diclofenac from an aqueous solution using the carbon above. Adsorption tests showed that the equilibrium time is 60 and 90 min for diclofenac and caffeine, respectively. The adsorption of diclofenac and caffeine on activated carbon from argan nutshells is described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The highest adsorption capacity determined by the mathematical model of Langmuir is about 126 mg/g for diclofenac and 210 mg/g for caffeine. The thermodynamic parameters attached to the studied absorbent/adsorbate system indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic for diclofenac and endothermic for caffeine.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/6/2922activated carbonadsorptioncaffeinediclofenacargan nutshellsemerging contaminants |
| spellingShingle | Badr Bouhcain Daniela Carrillo-Peña Fouad El Mansouri Yassine Ez Zoubi Raúl Mateos Antonio Morán José María Quiroga Mohammed Hassani Zerrouk Removal of Emerging Contaminants as Diclofenac and Caffeine Using Activated Carbon Obtained from Argan Fruit Shells Applied Sciences activated carbon adsorption caffeine diclofenac argan nutshells emerging contaminants |
| title | Removal of Emerging Contaminants as Diclofenac and Caffeine Using Activated Carbon Obtained from Argan Fruit Shells |
| title_full | Removal of Emerging Contaminants as Diclofenac and Caffeine Using Activated Carbon Obtained from Argan Fruit Shells |
| title_fullStr | Removal of Emerging Contaminants as Diclofenac and Caffeine Using Activated Carbon Obtained from Argan Fruit Shells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of Emerging Contaminants as Diclofenac and Caffeine Using Activated Carbon Obtained from Argan Fruit Shells |
| title_short | Removal of Emerging Contaminants as Diclofenac and Caffeine Using Activated Carbon Obtained from Argan Fruit Shells |
| title_sort | removal of emerging contaminants as diclofenac and caffeine using activated carbon obtained from argan fruit shells |
| topic | activated carbon adsorption caffeine diclofenac argan nutshells emerging contaminants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/6/2922 |
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