Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber
Gasoline vehicles have recently been pointed out as potentially the main source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities. However, there is a lack of laboratory studies to systematically investigate SOA formation in real-world exhaust. In this study, SOA formation from pure aro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2013-06-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/6101/2013/acp-13-6101-2013.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819135931662204928 |
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| author | E. Z. Nordin A. C. Eriksson P. Roldin P. T. Nilsson J. E. Carlsson M. K. Kajos H. Hellén C. Wittbom J. Rissler J. Löndahl E. Swietlicki B. Svenningsson M. Bohgard M. Kulmala M. Hallquist J. H. Pagels |
| author_facet | E. Z. Nordin A. C. Eriksson P. Roldin P. T. Nilsson J. E. Carlsson M. K. Kajos H. Hellén C. Wittbom J. Rissler J. Löndahl E. Swietlicki B. Svenningsson M. Bohgard M. Kulmala M. Hallquist J. H. Pagels |
| author_sort | E. Z. Nordin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gasoline vehicles have recently been pointed out as potentially the main source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities. However, there is a lack of laboratory studies to systematically investigate SOA formation in real-world exhaust. In this study, SOA formation from pure aromatic precursors, idling and cold start gasoline exhaust from three passenger vehicles (EURO2–EURO4) were investigated with photo-oxidation experiments in a 6 m<sup>3</sup> smog chamber. The experiments were carried out down to atmospherically relevant organic aerosol mass concentrations. The characterization instruments included a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and a proton transfer mass spectrometer. It was found that gasoline exhaust readily forms SOA with a signature aerosol mass spectrum similar to the oxidized organic aerosol that commonly dominates the organic aerosol mass spectra downwind of urban areas. After a cumulative OH exposure of ~5 × 10<sup>6</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> h, the formed SOA was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the primary OA emissions. The SOA mass spectrum from a relevant mixture of traditional light aromatic precursors gave <i>f</i><sub>43</sub> (<i>mass fraction at m/z = 43</i>), approximately two times higher than to the gasoline SOA. However O : C and H : C ratios were similar for the two cases. Classical C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>9</sub> light aromatic precursors were responsible for up to 60% of the formed SOA, which is significantly higher than for diesel exhaust. Important candidates for additional precursors are higher-order aromatic compounds such as C<sub>10</sub> and C<sub>11</sub> light aromatics, naphthalene and methyl-naphthalenes. We conclude that approaches using only light aromatic precursors give an incomplete picture of the magnitude of SOA formation and the SOA composition from gasoline exhaust. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:26:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82a55c4fffcb41c59873e0dee95cf032 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:26:56Z |
| publishDate | 2013-06-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-82a55c4fffcb41c59873e0dee95cf0322022-12-21T18:29:28ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242013-06-0113126101611610.5194/acp-13-6101-2013Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamberE. Z. NordinA. C. ErikssonP. RoldinP. T. NilssonJ. E. CarlssonM. K. KajosH. HellénC. WittbomJ. RisslerJ. LöndahlE. SwietlickiB. SvenningssonM. BohgardM. KulmalaM. HallquistJ. H. PagelsGasoline vehicles have recently been pointed out as potentially the main source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities. However, there is a lack of laboratory studies to systematically investigate SOA formation in real-world exhaust. In this study, SOA formation from pure aromatic precursors, idling and cold start gasoline exhaust from three passenger vehicles (EURO2–EURO4) were investigated with photo-oxidation experiments in a 6 m<sup>3</sup> smog chamber. The experiments were carried out down to atmospherically relevant organic aerosol mass concentrations. The characterization instruments included a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and a proton transfer mass spectrometer. It was found that gasoline exhaust readily forms SOA with a signature aerosol mass spectrum similar to the oxidized organic aerosol that commonly dominates the organic aerosol mass spectra downwind of urban areas. After a cumulative OH exposure of ~5 × 10<sup>6</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> h, the formed SOA was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the primary OA emissions. The SOA mass spectrum from a relevant mixture of traditional light aromatic precursors gave <i>f</i><sub>43</sub> (<i>mass fraction at m/z = 43</i>), approximately two times higher than to the gasoline SOA. However O : C and H : C ratios were similar for the two cases. Classical C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>9</sub> light aromatic precursors were responsible for up to 60% of the formed SOA, which is significantly higher than for diesel exhaust. Important candidates for additional precursors are higher-order aromatic compounds such as C<sub>10</sub> and C<sub>11</sub> light aromatics, naphthalene and methyl-naphthalenes. We conclude that approaches using only light aromatic precursors give an incomplete picture of the magnitude of SOA formation and the SOA composition from gasoline exhaust.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/6101/2013/acp-13-6101-2013.pdf |
| spellingShingle | E. Z. Nordin A. C. Eriksson P. Roldin P. T. Nilsson J. E. Carlsson M. K. Kajos H. Hellén C. Wittbom J. Rissler J. Löndahl E. Swietlicki B. Svenningsson M. Bohgard M. Kulmala M. Hallquist J. H. Pagels Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber |
| title_full | Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber |
| title_fullStr | Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber |
| title_short | Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber |
| title_sort | secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/6101/2013/acp-13-6101-2013.pdf |
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