A Survey of VANET/V2X Routing From the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based Approaches
Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) have become increasingly popular because they support effective coordination in connected vehicles. ITSs present an integrated approach for exchanging relevant information in order to improve the safety, efficiency, and reliability of road transportation sys...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9716935/ |
| _version_ | 1819118961886756864 |
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| author | Twinkle Chatterjee Raja Karmakar Georges Kaddoum Samiran Chattopadhyay Sandip Chakraborty |
| author_facet | Twinkle Chatterjee Raja Karmakar Georges Kaddoum Samiran Chattopadhyay Sandip Chakraborty |
| author_sort | Twinkle Chatterjee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) have become increasingly popular because they support effective coordination in connected vehicles. ITSs present an integrated approach for exchanging relevant information in order to improve the safety, efficiency, and reliability of road transportation systems. A variant of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) called vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are an integral component of ITSs. VANETs consist of interconnected vehicles with sensing abilities that exchange information related to traffic, positioning, weather, and emergency services. In general, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) refers to communications between any entity and a vehicle, where the entity may be a vehicle, a cloud-based network, a pedestrian, or equipment installed along a road. One of the crucial challenges in V2X is the reliable and timely circulation of information among vehicular nodes to allow drivers to make decisions that increase road safety. In this context, efficient V2X routing protocols play a key role in supporting reliability and safety, and enhancing the overall quality of service (QoS) in VANETs. However, VANETs have distinct characteristics, such as high vehicular node mobility, unsteady connectivity, rapid changes in network topology, and unbounded network size, that can significantly affect routing in the network. Various routing protocols for V2X communication exist in the open technical literature. In this survey, we categorize the routing mechanisms as non-learning- and learning-based approaches, and discuss existing V2X routing protocols and their contributions to and impacts on VANET performance. Here, the learning-based approach implies the use of machine learning algorithms. This survey also summarizes open challenges in designing effective V2X routing protocols and future research directions to consider when developing smart routing mechanisms for next-generation intelligent VANET technologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:57:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82a89f0b008f471684c624fc1f2ec11e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:57:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-82a89f0b008f471684c624fc1f2ec11e2022-12-21T18:36:39ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-0110230222305010.1109/ACCESS.2022.31527679716935A Survey of VANET/V2X Routing From the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based ApproachesTwinkle Chatterjee0Raja Karmakar1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1916-7743Georges Kaddoum2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-6624Samiran Chattopadhyay3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-9605Sandip Chakraborty4Department of Information Technology, Techno International New Town, Kolkata, IndiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, ETS, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, ETS, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Information Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, IndiaIntelligent transportation systems (ITSs) have become increasingly popular because they support effective coordination in connected vehicles. ITSs present an integrated approach for exchanging relevant information in order to improve the safety, efficiency, and reliability of road transportation systems. A variant of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) called vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are an integral component of ITSs. VANETs consist of interconnected vehicles with sensing abilities that exchange information related to traffic, positioning, weather, and emergency services. In general, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) refers to communications between any entity and a vehicle, where the entity may be a vehicle, a cloud-based network, a pedestrian, or equipment installed along a road. One of the crucial challenges in V2X is the reliable and timely circulation of information among vehicular nodes to allow drivers to make decisions that increase road safety. In this context, efficient V2X routing protocols play a key role in supporting reliability and safety, and enhancing the overall quality of service (QoS) in VANETs. However, VANETs have distinct characteristics, such as high vehicular node mobility, unsteady connectivity, rapid changes in network topology, and unbounded network size, that can significantly affect routing in the network. Various routing protocols for V2X communication exist in the open technical literature. In this survey, we categorize the routing mechanisms as non-learning- and learning-based approaches, and discuss existing V2X routing protocols and their contributions to and impacts on VANET performance. Here, the learning-based approach implies the use of machine learning algorithms. This survey also summarizes open challenges in designing effective V2X routing protocols and future research directions to consider when developing smart routing mechanisms for next-generation intelligent VANET technologies.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9716935/VANETV2Xrouting protocolnon-learning-based routinglearning-based routing |
| spellingShingle | Twinkle Chatterjee Raja Karmakar Georges Kaddoum Samiran Chattopadhyay Sandip Chakraborty A Survey of VANET/V2X Routing From the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based Approaches IEEE Access VANET V2X routing protocol non-learning-based routing learning-based routing |
| title | A Survey of VANET/V2X Routing From the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based Approaches |
| title_full | A Survey of VANET/V2X Routing From the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based Approaches |
| title_fullStr | A Survey of VANET/V2X Routing From the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Survey of VANET/V2X Routing From the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based Approaches |
| title_short | A Survey of VANET/V2X Routing From the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based Approaches |
| title_sort | survey of vanet v2x routing from the perspective of non learning and learning based approaches |
| topic | VANET V2X routing protocol non-learning-based routing learning-based routing |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9716935/ |
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