Interdependent Polar Localization of FlhF and FlhG and Their Importance for Flagellum Formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Failure of the cell to properly regulate the number and intracellular positioning of their flagella, has detrimental effects on the cells’ swimming ability. The flagellation pattern of numerous bacteria is regulated by the NTPases FlhF and FlhG. In general, FlhG controls the number of flagella produ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.655239/full |
| _version_ | 1818427196860006400 |
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| author | Erick Eligio Arroyo-Pérez Erick Eligio Arroyo-Pérez Simon Ringgaard |
| author_facet | Erick Eligio Arroyo-Pérez Erick Eligio Arroyo-Pérez Simon Ringgaard |
| author_sort | Erick Eligio Arroyo-Pérez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Failure of the cell to properly regulate the number and intracellular positioning of their flagella, has detrimental effects on the cells’ swimming ability. The flagellation pattern of numerous bacteria is regulated by the NTPases FlhF and FlhG. In general, FlhG controls the number of flagella produced, whereas FlhF coordinates the position of the flagella. In the human pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus, its single flagellum is positioned and formed at the old cell pole. Here, we describe the spatiotemporal localization of FlhF and FlhG in V. parahaemolyticus and their effect on swimming motility. Absence of either FlhF or FlhG caused a significant defect in swimming ability, resulting in absence of flagella in a ΔflhF mutant and an aberrant flagellated phenotype in ΔflhG. Both proteins localized to the cell pole in a cell cycle-dependent manner, but displayed different patterns of localization throughout the cell cycle. FlhF transitioned from a uni- to bi-polar localization, as observed in other polarly flagellated bacteria. Localization of FlhG was strictly dependent on the cell pole-determinant HubP, while polar localization of FlhF was HubP independent. Furthermore, localization of FlhF and FlhG was interdependent and required for each other’s proper intracellular localization and recruitment to the cell pole. In the absence of HubP or FlhF, FlhG forms non-polar foci in the cytoplasm of the cell, suggesting the possibility of a secondary localization site within the cell besides its recruitment to the cell poles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T14:41:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-82b90c40faed48b5ac9cc1ed1bc28238 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T14:41:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-82b90c40faed48b5ac9cc1ed1bc282382022-12-21T22:57:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-03-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.655239655239Interdependent Polar Localization of FlhF and FlhG and Their Importance for Flagellum Formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticusErick Eligio Arroyo-Pérez0Erick Eligio Arroyo-Pérez1Simon Ringgaard2Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GermanyDepartment of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, GermanyFailure of the cell to properly regulate the number and intracellular positioning of their flagella, has detrimental effects on the cells’ swimming ability. The flagellation pattern of numerous bacteria is regulated by the NTPases FlhF and FlhG. In general, FlhG controls the number of flagella produced, whereas FlhF coordinates the position of the flagella. In the human pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus, its single flagellum is positioned and formed at the old cell pole. Here, we describe the spatiotemporal localization of FlhF and FlhG in V. parahaemolyticus and their effect on swimming motility. Absence of either FlhF or FlhG caused a significant defect in swimming ability, resulting in absence of flagella in a ΔflhF mutant and an aberrant flagellated phenotype in ΔflhG. Both proteins localized to the cell pole in a cell cycle-dependent manner, but displayed different patterns of localization throughout the cell cycle. FlhF transitioned from a uni- to bi-polar localization, as observed in other polarly flagellated bacteria. Localization of FlhG was strictly dependent on the cell pole-determinant HubP, while polar localization of FlhF was HubP independent. Furthermore, localization of FlhF and FlhG was interdependent and required for each other’s proper intracellular localization and recruitment to the cell pole. In the absence of HubP or FlhF, FlhG forms non-polar foci in the cytoplasm of the cell, suggesting the possibility of a secondary localization site within the cell besides its recruitment to the cell poles.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.655239/fullFlhGHubPintracellular organizationVibrio parahaemolyticusflagellumFlhF |
| spellingShingle | Erick Eligio Arroyo-Pérez Erick Eligio Arroyo-Pérez Simon Ringgaard Interdependent Polar Localization of FlhF and FlhG and Their Importance for Flagellum Formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Frontiers in Microbiology FlhG HubP intracellular organization Vibrio parahaemolyticus flagellum FlhF |
| title | Interdependent Polar Localization of FlhF and FlhG and Their Importance for Flagellum Formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| title_full | Interdependent Polar Localization of FlhF and FlhG and Their Importance for Flagellum Formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| title_fullStr | Interdependent Polar Localization of FlhF and FlhG and Their Importance for Flagellum Formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interdependent Polar Localization of FlhF and FlhG and Their Importance for Flagellum Formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| title_short | Interdependent Polar Localization of FlhF and FlhG and Their Importance for Flagellum Formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| title_sort | interdependent polar localization of flhf and flhg and their importance for flagellum formation of vibrio parahaemolyticus |
| topic | FlhG HubP intracellular organization Vibrio parahaemolyticus flagellum FlhF |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.655239/full |
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